{"id":5498,"date":"2026-03-15T21:57:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T12:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/?p=5498"},"modified":"2026-03-15T21:57:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T12:57:33","slug":"y2183ezvs9prpql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/2026\/03\/15\/y2183ezvs9prpql\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu Server \u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7684 Ubuntu Server \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f80\u5f80\u627f\u62c5\u201c\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4 shell\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 sudo \u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a\u5728<strong>\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4 shell \u4e00\u822c\u4e3a <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e38\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u82e5\u5e72\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u5907 sudo \u6743\u9650<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u955c\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5177\u5907\u514d\u5bc6 sudo \u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f root\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5f97\u65e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6743\u9650\u9884\u8bbe\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u578b\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u753b\u50cf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">id &lt;user&gt;<br>getent passwd &lt;user&gt;<br>sudo -l -U &lt;user&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UID\u3001GID\u3001\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e shell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sudo \u6743\u9650\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5904\u4e8e <code>sudo<\/code> \u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5177\u6709 <code>adm<\/code>\u3001<code>dialout<\/code>\u3001<code>video<\/code>\u3001<code>audio<\/code>\u3001<code>plugdev<\/code>\u3001<code>netdev<\/code> \u7b49\u7ec4\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b <code>gpio<\/code>\u3001<code>spi<\/code>\u3001<code>i2c<\/code> \u7b49\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sudo \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0 <code>NOPASSWD: ALL<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0 <code>NOPASSWD: ALL<\/code>\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c sudo \u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001UID\/GID \u5230\u5e95\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 UID \u548c GID \u4e0e\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u201c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cUID\/GID \u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<strong>\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4f4f\u5740\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u540d\u5b57<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UID\uff1a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f16\u53f7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ec4\u540d\uff1a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u90e8\u95e8\u540d\u79f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GID\uff1a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u90e8\u95e8\u7f16\u53f7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u66f4\u50cf\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4f\u5904<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux \u5e95\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u6743\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u662f UID\/GID\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\u672c\u8eab\u3002<br>\u4f46\u5728\u5355\u673a\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0cUID\/GID \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7f16\u53f7\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sudo \u6743\u9650\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u9700\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u9f50\u5168<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6b63\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\uff0c<strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42 UID\/GID \u4e0e\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u540c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7\u201d\u5230\u5e95\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e25\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u5c42\u9762\u201d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UID\/GID \u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565 UID\/GID\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ece<strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u767b\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c shell<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90fd\u6709 sudo \u6743\u9650<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u514d\u5bc6 sudo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5c42\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u7f16\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/strong><br>\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u624d\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u518d\u91cd\u5efa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u518d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u53bb\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b83\u3002<br>\u4f46\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bb9\u6613\u7834\u574f\u5df2\u6709\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u5c5e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u67d0\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u5f15\u7528\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u6392\u67e5\u66f4\u9ebb\u70e6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u5efa\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u7f16\u53f7\u6574\u6d01\u201d\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u5f88\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u7528\u8fc7\uff0c\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fdd\u7559\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u52a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ee5\u540e\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6837\u98ce\u9669\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001\u5728\u4e0d\u52a8\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u539f\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7528\u6237\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8d4b\u4e88\u548c\u539f\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ec4\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u73b0\u6709 sudo \u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8ffd\u52a0\u514d\u5bc6 sudo \u89c4\u5219<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">adduser &lt;new_user&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u540c\u540d\u4e3b\u7ec4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ece <code>\/etc\/skel<\/code> \u590d\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\uff09\u590d\u5236\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u8865\u7ed9\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">usermod -aG adm,dialout,cdrom,sudo,audio,video,plugdev,games,users,input,render,netdev,gpio,spi,i2c &lt;new_user&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">id &lt;new_user&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e0e\u539f\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u5c42\u9762\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\uff09\u6cbf\u7528\u73b0\u6709 sudoers \u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u67d0\u4e9b Ubuntu Server \u955c\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u514d\u5bc6 sudo \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u9760\u52a0\u5165 <code>sudo<\/code> \u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5199\u5728 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d\/<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u67e5\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls \/etc\/sudoers.d<br>cat \/etc\/sudoers.d\/90-cloud-init-users<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># User rules for existing-user<br>existing-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u683c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f<strong>\u6cbf\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0c\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/90-cloud-init-users<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># User rules for new-user<br>new-user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">visudo -c<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u663e\u793a\u89e3\u6790\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u89c4\u5219\u5199\u5165\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4\uff09\u9a8c\u8bc1 sudo \u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo -l -U &lt;new_user&gt;<br>getent passwd &lt;new_user&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u786e\u8ba4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>sudo -l -U &lt;new_user&gt;<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 <code>NOPASSWD: ALL<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>getent passwd &lt;new_user&gt;<\/code> \u4e2d\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell \u4e3a <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u5207\u6362\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece root \u5207\u6362\u5230\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7b80\u5355\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">su - &lt;new_user&gt;<br>id<br>sudo -i<br>whoami<br>exit<br>exit<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u6210\u529f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>id<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u9f50\u5168<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>sudo -i<\/code> \u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u5165 root<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>whoami<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa <code>root<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u5907\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e03\u3001nano \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c<code>visudo<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e0d\u662f <code>vim<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u662f <code>nano<\/code>\u3002<br>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u719f\u6089 <code>nano<\/code> \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u79fb\u52a8\u5149\u6807<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u5b57\u5373\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Ctrl + O<\/code> \u4fdd\u5b58<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u8f66\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Ctrl + X<\/code> \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5411 sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e24\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u591f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516b\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Ubuntu Server \u7684\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u786e\u5b9e\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u795e\u79d8\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8d26\u6237\uff0c<strong>\u6700\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u65b0\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shell \u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sudo \u6743\u9650\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u514d\u5bc6 sudo \u751f\u6548<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u5ffd\u7565 UID\/GID \u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65e7\u7528\u6237\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u673a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7f16\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6743\u9650\u662f\u5426\u591f\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540e\u7eed\u662f\u5426\u4fbf\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u53ef\u56de\u9000\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7684 Ubuntu Server \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5f80\u5f80\u627f\u62c5\u201c\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4 shell\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 sudo \u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u6709\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u9996\u6b21\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904 \u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f root\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a 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