{"id":4484,"date":"2025-07-06T20:20:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T11:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/?p=4484"},"modified":"2026-06-06T09:21:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T00:21:18","slug":"htxjfcmo880af9t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/2025\/07\/06\/htxjfcmo880af9t\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1aLinux \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c<code>systemd<\/code> \u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\uff08unit\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790 <code>systemd<\/code> \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001<code>systemd<\/code> \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>systemd<\/code> \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>\/etc\/systemd\/system\/<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5 <code>.service<\/code> \u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>[Unit]<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>[Service]<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>[Install]<\/code>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u542f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <code>[Unit]<\/code> \u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Unit]<br>Description=\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1<br>After=network.target<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e <code>systemctl status<\/code> \u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>After<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u518d\u542f\u52a8\u5f53\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <code>[Service]<\/code> \u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Service]<br>Type=simple<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f<br>Restart=on-failure<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Type<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>simple<\/code>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c<code>ExecStart<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>forking<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4f1a\u6d3e\u751f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>oneshot<\/code>\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>notify<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 <code>sd_notify()<\/code> \u901a\u77e5 <code>systemd<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>dbus<\/code>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u83b7\u53d6 D-Bus \u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>idle<\/code>\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ExecStart<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ca\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restart<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u542f\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u9009\u9879\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>always<\/code>\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u670d\u52a1\u5982\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>on-failure<\/code>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>on-abort<\/code>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>no<\/code>\uff1a\u4e0d\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <code>[Install]<\/code> \u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Install]<br>WantedBy=multi-user.target<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WantedBy<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a <code>multi-user.target<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fbe\u5230\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Service]<br>Environment=\"VAR1=\u503c1\" \"VAR2=\u503c2\"<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f $VAR1 $VAR2<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Environment<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Service]<br>EnvironmentFile=\/etc\/\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1\/env.conf<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f $VAR1 $VAR2<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>EnvironmentFile<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Service]<br>Restart=on-failure<br>RestartSec=5<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RestartSec<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u91cd\u542f\u524d\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u670d\u52a1\u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Service]<br>TimeoutStartSec=30<br>TimeoutStopSec=30<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TimeoutStartSec<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TimeoutStopSec<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u5355\u5143\uff08Template Units\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>[Unit]<br>Description=\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1 %i<br><br>[Service]<br>ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f --config \/etc\/\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1\/%i.conf<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>%i<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e0e\u8986\u76d6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>systemd<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>mkdir \/etc\/systemd\/system\/\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1.service.d\/<br>touch \/etc\/systemd\/system\/\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1.service.d\/override.conf<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 <code>override.conf<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u3002<code>systemd<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl start \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl stop \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl restart \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl status \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u542f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl enable \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7981\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a<code>systemctl disable \u670d\u52a1\u540d<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 <code>systemd<\/code> \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1 <code>systemd<\/code> \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0csystemd \u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\uff08unit\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002 \u4e00\u3001systemd \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6982\u8ff0 systemd \u670d\u52a1\u5355\u5143\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/systemd\/system\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5 .service \u4e3a\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u4e8c\u3001\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u6570\u8be6\u89e3 1. [Unit] \u90e8\u5206 [Unit]Description=\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1After=network.target 2. [Service] \u90e8\u5206 [Service]Type=simpleExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8fRestart=on-failure 3. 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