{"id":195,"date":"2019-09-10T19:43:08","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T11:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/freeapp.sbs\/blog\/?p=195"},"modified":"2025-04-01T17:06:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T08:06:57","slug":"smq8nfyf79wt5ps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/2019\/09\/10\/smq8nfyf79wt5ps\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5e38\u7528\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><strong>sort<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u884c\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n       sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F\nDESCRIPTION\n       Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.  Ordering options:\n       -b, --ignore-leading-blanks\n              ignore leading blanks\n       -d, --dictionary-order\n              consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters\n       -f, --ignore-case\n              fold lower case to upper case characters\n       -g, --general-numeric-sort\n              compare according to general numerical value\n       -i, --ignore-nonprinting\n              consider only printable characters\n       -M, --month-sort\n              compare (unknown) &lt; 'JAN' &lt; ... &lt; 'DEC'\n       -h, --human-numeric-sort\n              compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)\n       -n, --numeric-sort\n              compare according to string numerical value\n       -R, --random-sort\n              shuffle, but group identical keys.  See shuf(1)\n       --random-source=FILE\n              get random bytes from FILE\n       -r, --reverse\n              reverse the result of comparisons\n       --sort=WORD\n              sort according to WORD: general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M, numeric -n, random -R, version -V\n       -V, --version-sort\n              natural sort of (version) numbers within text\n       Other options:\n       --batch-size=NMERGE\n              merge at most NMERGE inputs at once; for more use temp files\n       -c, --check, --check=diagnose-first\n              check for sorted input; do not sort\n       -C, --check=quiet, --check=silent\n              like -c, but do not report first bad line\n       --compress-program=PROG\n              compress temporaries with PROG; decompress them with PROG -d\n       --debug\n              annotate the part of the line used to sort, and warn about questionable usage to stderr\n       --files0-from=F\n              read input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in file F; If F is - then read names from standard input\n       -k, --key=KEYDEF\n              sort via a key; KEYDEF gives location and type\n       -m, --merge\n              merge already sorted files; do not sort\n       -o, --output=FILE\n              write result to FILE instead of standard output\n       -s, --stable\n              stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison\n       -S, --buffer-size=SIZE\n              use SIZE for main memory buffer\n       -t, --field-separator=SEP\n              use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition\n       -T, --temporary-directory=DIR\n              use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or \/tmp; multiple options specify multiple directories\n       --parallel=N\n              change the number of sorts run concurrently to N\n       -u, --unique\n              with -c, check for strict ordering; without -c, output only the first of an equal run\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       KEYDEF  is  F[.C][OPTS][,F[.C][OPTS]] for start and stop position, where F is a field number and C a character position in the field; both are origin 1, and the stop position de\u2010\n       faults to the line's end.  If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace.  OPTS is one or more single-letter\n       ordering  options  [bdfgiMhnRrV], which override global ordering options for that key.  If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.  Use --debug to diagnose incorrect key\n       usage.\n       SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: % 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.\n       *** WARNING *** The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.  Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses native byte values.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Mike Haertel and Paul Eggert.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       shuf(1), uniq(1)\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/sort&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) sort invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                                                                      March 2019                                                                                SORT(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>uniq<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53bb\u91cd<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]\nDESCRIPTION\n       Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input), writing\n       to OUTPUT (or standard output).\n       With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.\n       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory  for  short  options\n       too.\n       -c, --count\n              prefix lines by the number of occurrences\n       -d, --repeated\n              only print duplicate lines, one for each group\n       -D     print all duplicate lines\n       --all-repeated[=METHOD]\n              like  -D,  but  allow  separating  groups  with  an empty line;\n              METHOD={none(default),prepend,separate}\n       -f, --skip-fields=N\n              avoid comparing the first N fields\n       --group[=METHOD]\n              show  all  items,  separating  groups  with  an   empty   line;\n              METHOD={separate(default),prepend,append,both}\n       -i, --ignore-case\n              ignore differences in case when comparing\n       -s, --skip-chars=N\n              avoid comparing the first N characters\n       -u, --unique\n              only print unique lines\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       -w, --check-chars=N\n              compare no more than N characters in lines\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       A  field  is  a  run  of  blanks  (usually  spaces  and\/or TABs), then\n       non-blank characters.  Fields are skipped before chars.\n       Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are  adjacent.\n       You may want to sort the input first, or use 'sort -u' without 'uniq'.\n       Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       comm(1), join(1), sort(1)\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/uniq&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) uniq invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          UNIQ(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>wc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u672c\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u5b57\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b57\u7b26\u6570<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n       wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F\nDESCRIPTION\n       Print  newline,  word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line\n       if more than one FILE is specified.  A word is a  non-zero-length  se\u2010\n       quence of characters delimited by white space.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       The  options below may be used to select which counts are printed, al\u2010\n       ways in the following order: newline, word, character,  byte,  maximum\n       line length.\n       -c, --bytes\n              print the byte counts\n       -m, --chars\n              print the character counts\n       -l, --lines\n              print the newline counts\n       --files0-from=F\n              read  input from the files specified by NUL-terminated names in\n              file F; If F is - then read names from standard input\n       -L, --max-line-length\n              print the maximum display width\n       -w, --words\n              print the word counts\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Paul Rubin and David MacKenzie.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/wc&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) wc invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                            WC(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>pr<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       pr [OPTION]... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory  arguments  to  long options are mandatory for short options\n       too.\n       +FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE], --pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]\n              begin [stop] printing with page FIRST_[LAST_]PAGE\n       -COLUMN, --columns=COLUMN\n              output COLUMN columns and print  columns  down,  unless  -a  is\n              used. Balance number of lines in the columns on each page\n       -a, --across\n              print columns across rather than down, used together with -COL\u2010\n              UMN\n       -c, --show-control-chars\n              use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation\n       -d, --double-space\n              double space the output\n       -D, --date-format=FORMAT\n              use FORMAT for the header date\n       -e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]\n              expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)\n       -F, -f, --form-feed\n              use form feeds instead of newlines  to  separate  pages  (by  a\n              3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header and trailer with\u2010\n              out -F)\n       -h, --header=HEADER\n              use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header, -h \"\"\n              prints a blank line, don't use -h\"\"\n       -i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]\n              replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)\n       -J, --join-lines\n              merge  full  lines,  turns  off  -W  line truncation, no column\n              alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators\n       -l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH\n              set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines  (default  number\n              of  lines  of  text  56,  and  with  -F  63).   implies  -t  if\n              PAGE_LENGTH &lt;= 10\n       -m, --merge\n              print all files in  parallel,  one  in  each  column,  truncate\n              lines, but join lines of full length with -J\n       -n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]\n              number  lines,  use  DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB), default\n              counting starts with 1st line of input file\n       -N, --first-line-number=NUMBER\n              start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of  first  page  printed\n              (see +FIRST_PAGE)\n       -o, --indent=MARGIN\n              offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not affect -w or\n              -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH\n       -r, --no-file-warnings\n              omit warning when a file cannot be opened\n       -s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]\n              separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR is the\n              &lt;TAB&gt;  character  without  -w  and 'no char' with -w.  -s[CHAR]\n              turns off line truncation of all 3 column  options  (-COLUMN|-a\n              -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set\n       -S[STRING], --sep-string[=STRING]\n              separate columns by STRING, without -S: Default separator &lt;TAB&gt;\n              with -J and &lt;space&gt; otherwise (same as -S\"  \"),  no  effect  on\n              column options\n       -t, --omit-header\n              omit page headers and trailers; implied if PAGE_LENGTH &lt;= 10\n       -T, --omit-pagination\n              omit  page  headers  and  trailers, eliminate any pagination by\n              form feeds set in input files\n       -v, --show-nonprinting\n              use octal backslash notation\n       -w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH\n              set page width  to  PAGE_WIDTH  (72)  characters  for  multiple\n              text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)\n       -W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH\n              set  page  width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always, truncate\n              lines, except -J option is set, no interference with -S or -s\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Pete TerMaat and Roland Huebner.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/pr&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) pr invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                            PR(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>fmt<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       fmt [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Reformat  each  paragraph  in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.\n       The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory  for  short  options\n       too.\n       -c, --crown-margin\n              preserve indentation of first two lines\n       -p, --prefix=STRING\n              reformat only lines beginning with STRING, reattaching the pre\u2010\n              fix to reformatted lines\n       -s, --split-only\n              split long lines, but do not refill\n       -t, --tagged-paragraph\n              indentation of first line different from second\n       -u, --uniform-spacing\n              one space between words, two after sentences\n       -w, --width=WIDTH\n              maximum line width (default of 75 columns)\n       -g, --goal=WIDTH\n              goal width (default of 93% of width)\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Ross Paterson.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/fmt&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) fmt invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                           FMT(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>fold<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9650\u5236\u6587\u672c\u5bbd\u5ea6<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       fold [OPTION]... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Wrap input lines in each FILE, writing to standard output.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory  arguments  to  long options are mandatory for short options\n       too.\n       -b, --bytes\n              count bytes rather than columns\n       -s, --spaces\n              break at spaces\n       -w, --width=WIDTH\n              use WIDTH columns instead of 80\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\nAUTHOR\n       Written by David MacKenzie.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/fold&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) fold invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          FOLD(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>head\uff0ctail<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       head [OPTION]... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Print  the  first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more\n       than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory  for  short  options\n       too.\n       -c, --bytes=[-]NUM\n              print  the  first NUM bytes of each file; with the leading '-',\n              print all but the last NUM bytes of each file\n       -n, --lines=[-]NUM\n              print the first NUM lines instead of the  first  10;  with  the\n              leading '-', print all but the last NUM lines of each file\n       -q, --quiet, --silent\n              never print headers giving file names\n       -v, --verbose\n              always print headers giving file names\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       NUM  may  have  a  multiplier  suffix:  b  512,  kB  1000,  K 1024, MB\n       1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on\n       for  T,  P,  E, Z, Y.  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M,\n       and so on.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright \u00a9 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License  GPLv3+:  GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This  is  free  software:  you are free to change and redistribute it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       tail(1)\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/head&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) head invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          HEAD(1)\n\nSYNOPSIS\n       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Print  the  last  10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more\n       than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory  for  short  options\n       too.\n       -c, --bytes=[+]NUM\n              output  the  last  NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting\n              with byte NUM of each file\n       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]\n              output appended data as the file grows;\n              an absent option argument means 'descriptor'\n       -F     same as --follow=name --retry\n       -n, --lines=[+]NUM\n              output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10;  or  use  -n\n              +NUM to output starting with line NUM\n       --max-unchanged-stats=N\n              with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not\n              changed  size  after  N (default 5) iterations to see if it has\n              been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log\n              files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful\n       --pid=PID\n              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies\n       -q, --quiet, --silent\n              never output headers giving file names\n       --retry\n              keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible\n       -s, --sleep-interval=N\n              with  -f,  sleep  for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) be\u2010\n              tween iterations; with inotify and --pid=P, check process P  at\n              least once every N seconds\n       -v, --verbose\n              always output headers giving file names\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       NUM  may  have  a  multiplier  suffix:  b  512,  kB  1000,  K 1024, MB\n       1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on\n       for  T,  P,  E, Z, Y.  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M,\n       and so on.\n       With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following  the  file  descriptor,\n       which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue\n       to track its end.  This default behavior is not desirable when you re\u2010\n       ally  want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descrip\u2010\n       tor (e.g., log rotation).   Use  --follow=name  in  that  case.   That\n       causes  tail to track the named file in a way that accommodates renam\u2010\n       ing, removal and creation.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim Mey\u2010\n       ering.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       head(1)\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/tail&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tail invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          TAIL(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>cut<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u53d6\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>-d \u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>-f \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u5217<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       cut OPTION... [FILE]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.\n       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n       Mandatory  arguments  to  long options are mandatory for short options\n       too.\n       -b, --bytes=LIST\n              select only these bytes\n       -c, --characters=LIST\n              select only these characters\n       -d, --delimiter=DELIM\n              use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter\n       -f, --fields=LIST\n              select only these fields;  also print any line that contains no\n              delimiter character, unless the -s option is specified\n       -n     (ignored)\n       --complement\n              complement the set of selected bytes, characters or fields\n       -s, --only-delimited\n              do not print lines not containing delimiters\n       --output-delimiter=STRING\n              use  STRING  as  the output delimiter the default is to use the\n              input delimiter\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f.  Each LIST is made  up  of  one\n       range,  or many ranges separated by commas.  Selected input is written\n       in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.   Each\n       range is one of:\n       N      N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1\n       N-     from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line\n       N-M    from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field\n       -M     from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field\nAUTHOR\n       Written by David M. Ihnat, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/cut&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cut invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                           CUT(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>join<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u6bb5 -a1 -a2<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       join [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2\nDESCRIPTION\n       For  each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line\n       to standard output.  The default join field is the first, delimited by\n       blanks.\n       When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.\n       -a FILENUM\n              also print unpairable lines from file FILENUM, where FILENUM is\n              1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2\n       -e EMPTY\n              replace missing input fields with EMPTY\n       -i, --ignore-case\n              ignore differences in case when comparing fields\n       -j FIELD\n              equivalent to '-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'\n       -o FORMAT\n              obey FORMAT while constructing output line\n       -t CHAR\n              use CHAR as input and output field separator\n       -v FILENUM\n              like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines\n       -1 FIELD\n              join on this FIELD of file 1\n       -2 FIELD\n              join on this FIELD of file 2\n       --check-order\n              check that the input is correctly sorted,  even  if  all  input\n              lines are pairable\n       --nocheck-order\n              do not check that the input is correctly sorted\n       --header\n              treat  the first line in each file as field headers, print them\n              without trying to pair them\n       -z, --zero-terminated\n              line delimiter is NUL, not newline\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       Unless -t CHAR is given, leading blanks separate fields  and  are  ig\u2010\n       nored, else fields are separated by CHAR.  Any FIELD is a field number\n       counted from 1.  FORMAT is one or more comma or blank separated speci\u2010\n       fications,  each being 'FILENUM.FIELD' or '0'.  Default FORMAT outputs\n       the join field, the remaining fields from FILE1, the remaining  fields\n       from  FILE2,  all separated by CHAR.  If FORMAT is the keyword 'auto',\n       then the first line of each file determines the number of fields  out\u2010\n       put for each line.\n       Important:  FILE1  and FILE2 must be sorted on the join fields.  E.g.,\n       use \"sort -k 1b,1\" if 'join' has no options, or use \"join  -t  ''\"  if\n       'sort' has no options.  Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by\n       'LC_COLLATE'.  If the input is not sorted and  some  lines  cannot  be\n       joined, a warning message will be given.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Mike Haertel.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       comm(1), uniq(1)\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/join&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) join invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          JOIN(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>tr<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26 tr &#8216;a-z&#8217; &#8216;A-Z&#8217; &lt;1.txt &gt;2.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u8bcd\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>tr -cs &#8216;[:lower:][:upper:]&#8217; &#8216;[\\n*]&#8217; &lt;1.txt &gt;2.txt<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]\nDESCRIPTION\n       Translate,  squeeze,  and\/or  delete  characters  from standard input,\n       writing to standard output.\n       -c, -C, --complement\n              use the complement of SET1\n       -d, --delete\n              delete characters in SET1, do not translate\n       -s, --squeeze-repeats\n              replace each sequence of a repeated character that is listed in\n              the  last specified SET, with a single occurrence of that char\u2010\n              acter\n       -t, --truncate-set1\n              first truncate SET1 to length of SET2\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       SETs are specified as strings of  characters.   Most  represent  them\u2010\n       selves.  Interpreted sequences are:\n       \\NNN   character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)\n       \\\\     backslash\n       \\a     audible BEL\n       \\b     backspace\n       \\f     form feed\n       \\n     new line\n       \\r     return\n       \\t     horizontal tab\n       \\v     vertical tab\n       CHAR1-CHAR2\n              all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order\n       [CHAR*]\n              in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1\n       [CHAR*REPEAT]\n              REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0\n       [:alnum:]\n              all letters and digits\n       [:alpha:]\n              all letters\n       [:blank:]\n              all horizontal whitespace\n       [:cntrl:]\n              all control characters\n       [:digit:]\n              all digits\n       [:graph:]\n              all printable characters, not including space\n       [:lower:]\n              all lower case letters\n       [:print:]\n              all printable characters, including space\n       [:punct:]\n              all punctuation characters\n       [:space:]\n              all horizontal or vertical whitespace\n       [:upper:]\n              all upper case letters\n       [:xdigit:]\n              all hexadecimal digits\n       [=CHAR=]\n              all characters which are equivalent to CHAR\n       Translation  occurs  if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.\n       -t may be used only when translating.  SET2 is extended to  length  of\n       SET1  by repeating its last character as necessary.  Excess characters\n       of SET2 are ignored.  Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are  guaranteed  to\n       expand  in  ascending  order; used in SET2 while translating, they may\n       only be used in pairs to specify case conversion.  -s  uses  the  last\n       specified SET, and occurs after translation or deletion.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Jim Meyering.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/tr&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tr invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                            TR(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>sed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6d41\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8220;d&#8221; 1.txt \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8220;5d&#8221; 1.txt \u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e94\u884c<\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8216;1,5d&#8217; 1.txt \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u5230\u4e94\u884c<\/p>\n<p>sed -n -e &#8216;regexp\/p&#8217; file | more \u5220\u9664\u4efb\u610f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u66ff\u6362<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8216;s\/power\/jiechen\/g&#8217; 1.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u66ff\u6362\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f &#8216;s\/\/\/&#8217; g\u8868\u793a\u5168\u90e8<\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8216;1,10s&#8217;\/power\/jiechen\/g&#8217; 1.txt s\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u524d10\u884c<\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8216;s:\/usr\/local:\/usr:g&#8217; 1.txt<\/p>\n<p>sed -e &#8216;s\/&lt;[^&gt;&#8217;]*&gt;\/\/g&#8217;1.html \u5220\u9664&lt;.*&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u672a\u5217\u51fa<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Sed is a stream editor.  A stream editor is used to perform basic text\n       transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a  pipeline).\n       While  in  some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits\n       (such as ed), sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and\n       is  consequently  more  efficient.   But it is sed's ability to filter\n       text in a pipeline which  particularly  distinguishes  it  from  other\n       types of editors.\n       -n, --quiet, --silent\n              suppress automatic printing of pattern space\n       --debug\n              annotate program execution\n       -e script, --expression=script\n              add the script to the commands to be executed\n       -f script-file, --file=script-file\n              add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed\n       --follow-symlinks\n              follow symlinks when processing in place\n       -i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]\n              edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied)\n       -l N, --line-length=N\n              specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command\n       --posix\n              disable all GNU extensions.\n       -E, -r, --regexp-extended\n              use extended regular expressions in the script (for portability\n              use POSIX -E).\n       -s, --separate\n              consider files as separate rather than as a single,  continuous\n              long stream.\n       --sandbox\n              operate in sandbox mode (disable e\/r\/w commands).\n       -u, --unbuffered\n              load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the\n              output buffers more often\n       -z, --null-data\n              separate lines by NUL characters\n       --help\n              display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the  first\n       non-option  argument is taken as the sed script to interpret.  All re\u2010\n       maining arguments are names of input files;  if  no  input  files  are\n       specified, then the standard input is read.\n       GNU  sed home page: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/sed\/&gt;.  General help\n       using GNU software: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/gethelp\/&gt;.   E-mail  bug  re\u2010\n       ports to: &lt;bug-sed@gnu.org&gt;.\nCOMMAND SYNOPSIS\n       This  is  just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder\n       to those who already know sed; other documentation (such as  the  tex\u2010\n       info document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions.\n   Zero-address ``commands''\n       : label\n              Label for b and t commands.\n       #comment\n              The  comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e\n              script fragment).\n       }      The closing bracket of a { } block.\n   Zero- or One- address commands\n       =      Print the current line number.\n       a \\\n       text   Append text, which has each  embedded  newline  preceded  by  a\n              backslash.\n       i \\\n       text   Insert  text,  which  has  each  embedded newline preceded by a\n              backslash.\n       q [exit-code]\n              Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more in\u2010\n              put, except that if auto-print is not disabled the current pat\u2010\n              tern space will be printed.  The exit code argument  is  a  GNU\n              extension.\n       Q [exit-code]\n              Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more in\u2010\n              put.  This is a GNU extension.\n       r filename\n              Append text read from filename.\n       R filename\n              Append a line read from filename.  Each invocation of the  com\u2010\n              mand reads a line from the file.  This is a GNU extension.\n   Commands which accept address ranges\n       {      Begin a block of commands (end with a }).\n       b label\n              Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.\n       c \\\n       text   Replace  the  selected lines with text, which has each embedded\n              newline preceded by a backslash.\n       d      Delete pattern space.  Start next cycle.\n       D      If pattern space contains no newline, start a normal new  cycle\n              as  if the d command was issued.  Otherwise, delete text in the\n              pattern space up to the first newline, and restart  cycle  with\n              the  resultant pattern space, without reading a new line of in\u2010\n              put.\n       h H    Copy\/append pattern space to hold space.\n       g G    Copy\/append hold space to pattern space.\n       l      List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.\n       l width\n              List out the current line in a ``visually  unambiguous''  form,\n              breaking it at width characters.  This is a GNU extension.\n       n N    Read\/append the next line of input into the pattern space.\n       p      Print the current pattern space.\n       P      Print  up  to the first embedded newline of the current pattern\n              space.\n       s\/regexp\/replacement\/\n              Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.  If success\u2010\n              ful,  replace  that  portion matched with replacement.  The re\u2010\n              placement may contain the special character &amp; to refer to  that\n              portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special es\u2010\n              capes \\1 through \\9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-\n              expressions in the regexp.\n       t label\n              If a s\/\/\/ has done a successful substitution since the last in\u2010\n              put line was read and since the  last  t  or  T  command,  then\n              branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.\n       T label\n              If  no  s\/\/\/  has done a successful substitution since the last\n              input line was read and since the last t  or  T  command,  then\n              branch  to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script.\n              This is a GNU extension.\n       w filename\n              Write the current pattern space to filename.\n       W filename\n              Write the first line of the current pattern space to  filename.\n              This is a GNU extension.\n       x      Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.\n       y\/source\/dest\/\n              Transliterate  the characters in the pattern space which appear\n              in source to the corresponding character in dest.\nAddresses\n       Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command\n       will  be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case\n       the command will only be executed for input lines which match that ad\u2010\n       dress;  or  with two addresses, in which case the command will be exe\u2010\n       cuted for all input lines which match the  inclusive  range  of  lines\n       starting  from the first address and continuing to the second address.\n       Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax  is  addr1,addr2\n       (i.e.,  the  addresses are separated by a comma); the line which addr1\n       matched will always be accepted, even  if  addr2  selects  an  earlier\n       line; and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against the line\n       that addr1 matched.\n       After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a !  may\n       be  inserted,  which specifies that the command shall only be executed\n       if the address (or address-range) does not match.\n       The following address types are supported:\n       number Match only the specified line number (which increments  cumula\u2010\n              tively  across  files, unless the -s option is specified on the\n              command line).\n       first~step\n              Match every step'th line starting with line first.   For  exam\u2010\n              ple,  ``sed  -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in\n              the input stream, and the address 2~5 will  match  every  fifth\n              line,  starting  with  the  second.  first can be zero; in this\n              case, sed operates as if it were equal to step.   (This  is  an\n              extension.)\n       $      Match the last line.\n       \/regexp\/\n              Match  lines  matching the regular expression regexp.  Matching\n              is performed on the current pattern space, which can  be  modi\u2010\n              fied with commands such as ``s\/\/\/''.\n       \\cregexpc\n              Match  lines matching the regular expression regexp.  The c may\n              be any character.\n       GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:\n       0,addr2\n              Start out in \"matched first  address\"  state,  until  addr2  is\n              found.   This  is  similar  to  1,addr2,  except  that if addr2\n              matches the very first line of input the 0,addr2 form  will  be\n              at the end of its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be\n              at the beginning of its range.  This works only when addr2 is a\n              regular expression.\n       addr1,+N\n              Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1.\n       addr1,~N\n              Will  match  addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the next\n              line whose input line number is a multiple of N.\nREGULAR EXPRESSIONS\n       POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren't  completely  because\n       of  performance  problems.   The  \\n  sequence in a regular expression\n       matches the newline character, and similarly for \\a, \\t, and other se\u2010\n       quences.  The -E option switches to using extended regular expressions\n       instead; it has been supported for years by GNU sed, and  is  now  in\u2010\n       cluded in POSIX.\nBUGS\n       E-mail  bug reports to bug-sed@gnu.org.  Also, please include the out\u2010\n       put of ``sed --version'' in the body of your report if at  all  possi\u2010\n       ble.\nAUTHOR\n       Written  by  Jay  Fenlason,  Tom Lord, Ken Pizzini, Paolo Bonzini, Jim\n       Meyering,    and    Assaf    Gordon.     GNU    sed     home     page:\n       &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/sed\/&gt;.  General help using GNU software:\n       &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/gethelp\/&gt;.   E-mail   bug   reports   to:   &lt;bug-\n       sed@gnu.org&gt;.\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       awk(1),  ed(1),  grep(1),  tr(1),  perlre(1), sed.info, any of various\n       books on sed, the sed FAQ (http:\/\/sed.sf.net\/grabbag\/tutorials\/sed\u2010\n       faq.txt), http:\/\/sed.sf.net\/grabbag\/.\n       The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If\n       the info and sed programs are properly installed at your site, the\n       command\n              info sed\n       should give you access to the complete manual.\nsed 4.7                         December 2018                          SED(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>awk<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>FILENAME \u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>FNR \u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570<\/p>\n<p>FS \u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c<\/p>\n<p>NF \u5f53\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570<\/p>\n<p>NR \u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08job\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570<\/p>\n<p>OFS \u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5272\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>ORS \u8f93\u51fa\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u5272\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\\n\uff09<\/p>\n<p>RS \u8f93\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u5206\u5272\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p><strong>awk\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>if\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<p>if\/else\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<p>if\/else else\/if \u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<p>while\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>do\/while\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>for\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n<p>break\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<p>contunue<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] -f program-file [ -- ] file ...\n       gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] [ -- ] program-text file ...\nDESCRIPTION\n       Gawk  is  the GNU Project's implementation of the AWK programming lan\u2010\n       guage.  It conforms to the definition of the  language  in  the  POSIX\n       1003.1  Standard.  This version in turn is based on the description in\n       The AWK Programming Language, by Aho, Kernighan, and Weinberger.  Gawk\n       provides the additional features found in the current version of Brian\n       Kernighan's awk and a number of GNU-specific extensions.\n       The command line consists of options to gawk itself, the  AWK  program\n       text  (if not supplied via the -f or --file options), and values to be\n       made available in the ARGC and ARGV pre-defined AWK variables.\n       When gawk is invoked with the --profile option,  it  starts  gathering\n       profiling  statistics  from  the  execution of the program.  Gawk runs\n       more slowly in this mode, and automatically produces an execution pro\u2010\n       file  in  the  file  awkprof.out when done.  See the --profile option,\n       below.\n       Gawk also has an integrated debugger. An interactive debugging session\n       can be started by supplying the --debug option to the command line. In\n       this mode of execution, gawk  loads  the  AWK  source  code  and  then\n       prompts  for  debugging  commands.   Gawk  can  only debug AWK program\n       source provided with the -f option.  The  debugger  is  documented  in\n       GAWK: Effective AWK Programming.\nOPTION FORMAT\n       Gawk options may be either traditional POSIX-style one letter options,\n       or GNU-style long options.  POSIX options start  with  a  single  \u201c-\u201d,\n       while  long  options  start  with \u201c--\u201d.  Long options are provided for\n       both GNU-specific features and for POSIX-mandated features.\n       Gawk-specific options are typically used in long-option  form.   Argu\u2010\n       ments  to long options are either joined with the option by an = sign,\n       with no intervening spaces, or they may be provided in the  next  com\u2010\n       mand  line  argument.  Long options may be abbreviated, as long as the\n       abbreviation remains unique.\n       Additionally, every long option has a corresponding short  option,  so\n       that the option's functionality may be used from within #!  executable\n       scripts.\nOPTIONS\n       Gawk accepts the  following  options.   Standard  options  are  listed\n       first,  followed by options for gawk extensions, listed alphabetically\n       by short option.\n       -f program-file\n       --file program-file\n              Read the AWK program source from the file program-file, instead\n              of  from  the  first  command  line  argument.  Multiple -f (or\n              --file) options may be used.\n       -F fs\n       --field-separator fs\n              Use fs for the input field separator (the value of the FS  pre\u2010\n              defined variable).\n       -v var=val\n       --assign var=val\n              Assign  the  value val to the variable var, before execution of\n              the program begins.  Such variable values are available to  the\n              BEGIN rule of an AWK program.\n       -b\n       --characters-as-bytes\n              Treat all input data as single-byte characters. In other words,\n              don't pay any attention to the locale information when attempt\u2010\n              ing  to  process  strings as multibyte characters.  The --posix\n              option overrides this one.\n       -c\n       --traditional\n              Run in compatibility mode.  In compatibility mode, gawk behaves\n              identically  to Brian Kernighan's awk; none of the GNU-specific\n              extensions are recognized.  See GNU EXTENSIONS, below, for more\n              information.\n       -C\n       --copyright\n              Print  the  short version of the GNU copyright information mes\u2010\n              sage on the standard output and exit successfully.\n       -d[file]\n       --dump-variables[=file]\n              Print a sorted list of global variables, their types and  final\n              values to file.  If no file is provided, gawk uses a file named\n              awkvars.out in the current directory.\n              Having a list of all the global variables is a good way to look\n              for  typographical errors in your programs.  You would also use\n              this option if you have a large program with  a  lot  of  func\u2010\n              tions,  and you want to be sure that your functions don't inad\u2010\n              vertently use global variables that  you  meant  to  be  local.\n              (This  is a particularly easy mistake to make with simple vari\u2010\n              able names like i, j, and so on.)\n       -D[file]\n       --debug[=file]\n              Enable debugging of AWK programs.   By  default,  the  debugger\n              reads   commands  interactively  from  the  keyboard  (standard\n              input).  The optional file argument specifies  a  file  with  a\n              list of commands for the debugger to execute non-interactively.\n       -e program-text\n       --source program-text\n              Use  program-text  as  AWK  program  source  code.  This option\n              allows the easy intermixing of library functions (used via  the\n              -f  and --file options) with source code entered on the command\n              line.  It is intended primarily for medium to  large  AWK  pro\u2010\n              grams used in shell scripts.\n       -E file\n       --exec file\n              Similar  to  -f,  however,  this is option is the last one pro\u2010\n              cessed.  This should be used with #!  scripts, particularly for\n              CGI  applications,  to  avoid passing in options or source code\n              (!) on the command line from a URL.  This option disables  com\u2010\n              mand-line variable assignments.\n       -g\n       --gen-pot\n              Scan and parse the AWK program, and generate a GNU .pot (Porta\u2010\n              ble Object  Template)  format  file  on  standard  output  with\n              entries  for  all localizable strings in the program.  The pro\u2010\n              gram itself is not executed.  See the GNU gettext  distribution\n              for more information on .pot files.\n       -h\n       --help Print  a  relatively  short summary of the available options on\n              the standard output.  (Per  the  GNU  Coding  Standards,  these\n              options cause an immediate, successful exit.)\n       -i include-file\n       --include include-file\n              Load  an  awk  source  library.   This searches for the library\n              using the AWKPATH environment variable.  If the initial  search\n              fails,  another  attempt  will be made after appending the .awk\n              suffix.  The file will be loaded only  once  (i.e.,  duplicates\n              are eliminated), and the code does not constitute the main pro\u2010\n              gram source.\n       -l lib\n       --load lib\n              Load a shared library lib.  This searches for the library using\n              the  AWKLIBPATH  environment  variable.   If the initial search\n              fails, another attempt will be made after appending the default\n              shared  library  suffix for the platform.  The library initial\u2010\n              ization routine is expected to be named dl_load().\n       -L [value]\n       --lint[=value]\n              Provide warnings about constructs that are dubious or  non-por\u2010\n              table  to other AWK implementations.  With an optional argument\n              of fatal, lint warnings become fatal errors.  This may be dras\u2010\n              tic,  but  its  use will certainly encourage the development of\n              cleaner AWK programs.  With an optional  argument  of  invalid,\n              only  warnings  about  things  that  are  actually  invalid are\n              issued. (This is not fully implemented yet.)\n       -M\n       --bignum\n              Force arbitrary precision arithmetic on  numbers.  This  option\n              has  no  effect if gawk is not compiled to use the GNU MPFR and\n              MP libraries.\n       -n\n       --non-decimal-data\n              Recognize octal and hexadecimal values in input data.  Use this\n              option with great caution!\n       -N\n       --use-lc-numeric\n              This  forces  gawk  to use the locale's decimal point character\n              when parsing input data.  Although the POSIX standard  requires\n              this  behavior, and gawk does so when --posix is in effect, the\n              default is to follow traditional behavior and use a  period  as\n              the  decimal point, even in locales where the period is not the\n              decimal point character.  This  option  overrides  the  default\n              behavior,  without the full draconian strictness of the --posix\n              option.\n       -o[file]\n       --pretty-print[=file]\n              Output a pretty printed version of the program to file.  If  no\n              file  is  provided,  gawk  uses a file named awkprof.out in the\n              current directory.\n       -O\n       --optimize\n              Enable optimizations upon the internal  representation  of  the\n              program.  Currently, this includes simple constant-folding, and\n              tail call elimination for recursive functions. The  gawk  main\u2010\n              tainer hopes to add additional optimizations over time.\n       -p[prof-file]\n       --profile[=prof-file]\n              Start a profiling session, and send the profiling data to prof-\n              file.  The default is awkprof.out.  The profile contains execu\u2010\n              tion counts of each statement in the program in the left margin\n              and function call counts for each user-defined function.\n       -P\n       --posix\n              This turns on compatibility mode, with the following additional\n              restrictions:\n              \u00b7 \\x escape sequences are not recognized.\n              \u00b7 Only  space and tab act as field separators when FS is set to\n                a single space, newline does not.\n              \u00b7 You cannot continue lines after ?  and :.\n              \u00b7 The synonym func for the keyword function is not recognized.\n              \u00b7 The operators ** and **= cannot be used in place of ^ and ^=.\n       -r\n       --re-interval\n              Enable the use of interval expressions  in  regular  expression\n              matching  (see  Regular  Expressions, below).  Interval expres\u2010\n              sions were not traditionally available  in  the  AWK  language.\n              The POSIX standard added them, to make awk and egrep consistent\n              with each other.  They are enabled by default, but this  option\n              remains for use with --traditional.\n       -S\n       --sandbox\n              Runs  gawk  in  sandbox  mode, disabling the system() function,\n              input redirection with getline, output redirection  with  print\n              and  printf, and loading dynamic extensions.  Command execution\n              (through pipelines) is also disabled.  This effectively  blocks\n              a  script  from accessing local resources (except for the files\n              specified on the command line).\n       -t\n       --lint-old\n              Provide warnings about constructs that are not portable to  the\n              original version of UNIX awk.\n       -V\n       --version\n              Print  version  information for this particular copy of gawk on\n              the standard output.  This is useful mainly for knowing if  the\n              current  copy of gawk on your system is up to date with respect\n              to whatever the Free Software Foundation is distributing.  This\n              is  also useful when reporting bugs.  (Per the GNU Coding Stan\u2010\n              dards, these options cause an immediate, successful exit.)\n       --     Signal the end of options. This  is  useful  to  allow  further\n              arguments  to the AWK program itself to start with a \u201c-\u201d.  This\n              provides consistency with the argument parsing convention  used\n              by most other POSIX programs.\n       In  compatibility  mode, any other options are flagged as invalid, but\n       are otherwise ignored.  In normal operation, as long as  program  text\n       has been supplied, unknown options are passed on to the AWK program in\n       the ARGV array for processing.  This is particularly useful  for  run\u2010\n       ning AWK programs via the \u201c#!\u201d executable interpreter mechanism.\n       For  POSIX  compatibility,  the -W option may be used, followed by the\n       name of a long option.\nAWK PROGRAM EXECUTION\n       An AWK program consists of a sequence of pattern-action statements and\n       optional function definitions.\n              @include \"filename\"\n              @load \"filename\"\n              pattern   { action statements }\n              function name(parameter list) { statements }\n       Gawk first reads the program source from the program-file(s) if speci\u2010\n       fied, from arguments to --source, or from the first  non-option  argu\u2010\n       ment  on  the  command  line.  The -f and --source options may be used\n       multiple times on the command line.  Gawk reads the program text as if\n       all  the program-files and command line source texts had been concate\u2010\n       nated together.  This is useful for building libraries  of  AWK  func\u2010\n       tions,  without  having  to  include them in each new AWK program that\n       uses them.  It also provides the ability to mix library functions with\n       command line programs.\n       In  addition,  lines  beginning  with  @include may be used to include\n       other source files into your program, making library use even  easier.\n       This is equivalent to using the -i option.\n       Lines  beginning  with @load may be used to load shared libraries into\n       your program.  This is equivalent to using the -l option.\n       The environment variable AWKPATH specifies a search path to  use  when\n       finding  source files named with the -f and -i options.  If this vari\u2010\n       able does not exist, the  default  path  is  \".:\/usr\/local\/share\/awk\".\n       (The  actual directory may vary, depending upon how gawk was built and\n       installed.)  If a file name given to the  -f  option  contains  a  \u201c\/\u201d\n       character, no path search is performed.\n       The  environment  variable  AWKLIBPATH  specifies a search path to use\n       when finding source files named with the -l option.  If this  variable\n       does  not  exist,  the  default  path  is \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/gawk\".  (The\n       actual directory may vary, depending  upon  how  gawk  was  built  and\n       installed.)\n       Gawk  executes  AWK programs in the following order.  First, all vari\u2010\n       able assignments specified via the -v  option  are  performed.   Next,\n       gawk  compiles the program into an internal form.  Then, gawk executes\n       the code in the BEGIN rule(s) (if any), and then proceeds to read each\n       file  named  in  the  ARGV  array (up to ARGV[ARGC]).  If there are no\n       files named on the command line, gawk reads the standard input.\n       If a filename on the command line has the form var=val it  is  treated\n       as a variable assignment.  The variable var will be assigned the value\n       val.  (This happens after any BEGIN rule(s) have been  run.)   Command\n       line variable assignment is most useful for dynamically assigning val\u2010\n       ues to the variables AWK uses to control  how  input  is  broken  into\n       fields and records.  It is also useful for controlling state if multi\u2010\n       ple passes are needed over a single data file.\n       If the value of a particular element of ARGV is empty (\"\"), gawk skips\n       over it.\n       For  each  input  file,  if a BEGINFILE rule exists, gawk executes the\n       associated code before processing the contents of the file. Similarly,\n       gawk  executes  the  code associated with ENDFILE after processing the\n       file.\n       For each record in the input, gawk tests to see if it matches any pat\u2010\n       tern  in  the  AWK program.  For each pattern that the record matches,\n       gawk executes the associated action.  The patterns are tested  in  the\n       order they occur in the program.\n       Finally,  after  all the input is exhausted, gawk executes the code in\n       the END rule(s) (if any).\n   Command Line Directories\n       According to POSIX, files named on the awk command line must  be  text\n       files.   The behavior is ``undefined'' if they are not.  Most versions\n       of awk treat a directory on the command line as a fatal error.\n       Starting with version 4.0 of gawk, a directory  on  the  command  line\n       produces  a  warning,  but  is  otherwise  skipped.   If either of the\n       --posix or --traditional options is given, then gawk reverts to treat\u2010\n       ing directories on the command line as a fatal error.\nVARIABLES, RECORDS AND FIELDS\n       AWK  variables  are  dynamic;  they  come into existence when they are\n       first  used.   Their  values  are  either  floating-point  numbers  or\n       strings,  or both, depending upon how they are used.  AWK also has one\n       dimensional arrays; arrays with multiple dimensions may be  simulated.\n       Gawk  provides true arrays of arrays; see Arrays, below.  Several pre-\n       defined variables are set as a program runs; these  are  described  as\n       needed and summarized below.\n   Records\n       Normally,  records  are separated by newline characters.  You can con\u2010\n       trol how records are separated by assigning  values  to  the  built-in\n       variable  RS.  If RS is any single character, that character separates\n       records.  Otherwise, RS is a regular expression.  Text  in  the  input\n       that  matches  this regular expression separates the record.  However,\n       in compatibility mode, only the first character of its string value is\n       used  for  separating  records.  If RS is set to the null string, then\n       records are separated by blank lines.  When RS  is  set  to  the  null\n       string,  the  newline  character  always acts as a field separator, in\n       addition to whatever value FS may have.\n   Fields\n       As each input record is read, gawk  splits  the  record  into  fields,\n       using the value of the FS variable as the field separator.  If FS is a\n       single character, fields are separated by that character.   If  FS  is\n       the  null  string,  then  each individual character becomes a separate\n       field.  Otherwise, FS is expected to be a full regular expression.  In\n       the  special  case  that FS is a single space, fields are separated by\n       runs of spaces and\/or tabs and\/or  newlines.   (But  see  the  section\n       POSIX  COMPATIBILITY,  below).   NOTE:  The  value  of IGNORECASE (see\n       below) also affects how fields are split when FS is a regular  expres\u2010\n       sion, and how records are separated when RS is a regular expression.\n       If  the  FIELDWIDTHS variable is set to a space separated list of num\u2010\n       bers, each field is expected to have fixed width, and gawk  splits  up\n       the  record  using  the specified widths.  The value of FS is ignored.\n       Assigning a new value to FS or FPAT overrides the use of FIELDWIDTHS.\n       Similarly, if the FPAT variable is set to a string representing a reg\u2010\n       ular expression, each field is made up of text that matches that regu\u2010\n       lar expression. In this case, the  regular  expression  describes  the\n       fields  themselves,  instead  of  the  text that separates the fields.\n       Assigning a new value to FS or FIELDWIDTHS overrides the use of FPAT.\n       Each field in the input record may be referenced by its position:  $1,\n       $2, and so on.  $0 is the whole record.  Fields need not be referenced\n       by constants:\n              n = 5\n              print $n\n       prints the fifth field in the input record.\n       The variable NF is set to the total number  of  fields  in  the  input\n       record.\n       References to non-existent fields (i.e., fields after $NF) produce the\n       null-string.   However,  assigning  to  a  non-existent  field  (e.g.,\n       $(NF+2) = 5) increases the value of NF, creates any intervening fields\n       with the null string as their values, and causes the value of $0 to be\n       recomputed, with the fields being separated by the value of OFS.  Ref\u2010\n       erences to negative numbered fields cause a fatal error.  Decrementing\n       NF  causes the values of fields past the new value to be lost, and the\n       value of $0 to be recomputed, with the fields being separated  by  the\n       value of OFS.\n       Assigning  a  value to an existing field causes the whole record to be\n       rebuilt when $0 is referenced.  Similarly, assigning  a  value  to  $0\n       causes the record to be resplit, creating new values for the fields.\n   Built-in Variables\n       Gawk's built-in variables are:\n       ARGC        The  number  of  command  line arguments (does not include\n                   options to gawk, or the program source).\n       ARGIND      The index in ARGV of the current file being processed.\n       ARGV        Array of command line arguments.   The  array  is  indexed\n                   from  0 to ARGC - 1.  Dynamically changing the contents of\n                   ARGV can control the files used for data.\n       BINMODE     On non-POSIX systems, specifies use of \u201cbinary\u201d  mode  for\n                   all  file I\/O.  Numeric values of 1, 2, or 3, specify that\n                   input files, output files,  or  all  files,  respectively,\n                   should use binary I\/O.  String values of \"r\", or \"w\" spec\u2010\n                   ify that  input  files,  or  output  files,  respectively,\n                   should  use  binary  I\/O.   String  values of \"rw\" or \"wr\"\n                   specify that all files should use binary I\/O.   Any  other\n                   string  value  is treated as \"rw\", but generates a warning\n                   message.\n       CONVFMT     The conversion format for numbers, \"%.6g\", by default.\n       ENVIRON     An array containing the values of the current environment.\n                   The  array  is  indexed by the environment variables, each\n                   element being the value  of  that  variable  (e.g.,  ENVI\u2010\n                   RON[\"HOME\"] might be \"\/home\/arnold\").  Changing this array\n                   does not affect the environment  seen  by  programs  which\n                   gawk spawns via redirection or the system() function.\n       ERRNO       If  a  system  error occurs either doing a redirection for\n                   getline, during a read for getline, or during  a  close(),\n                   then  ERRNO  will  contain  a string describing the error.\n                   The  value  is  subject  to  translation  in   non-English\n                   locales.\n       FIELDWIDTHS A  whitespace  separated  list of field widths.  When set,\n                   gawk parses the input into fields of fixed width,  instead\n                   of using the value of the FS variable as the field separa\u2010\n                   tor.  See Fields, above.\n       FILENAME    The name of the current input file.  If no files are spec\u2010\n                   ified  on  the command line, the value of FILENAME is \u201c-\u201d.\n                   However, FILENAME  is  undefined  inside  the  BEGIN  rule\n                   (unless set by getline).\n       FNR         The input record number in the current input file.\n       FPAT        A regular expression describing the contents of the fields\n                   in a record.  When set, gawk parses the input into fields,\n                   where  the fields match the regular expression, instead of\n                   using the value of the FS variable as the field separator.\n                   See Fields, above.\n       FS          The  input  field  separator,  a  space  by  default.  See\n                   Fields, above.\n       FUNCTAB     An array whose indices and corresponding  values  are  the\n                   names  of  all  the user-defined or extension functions in\n                   the program.  NOTE: You may not use the  delete  statement\n                   with the FUNCTAB array.\n       IGNORECASE  Controls  the  case-sensitivity  of all regular expression\n                   and string  operations.   If  IGNORECASE  has  a  non-zero\n                   value,  then  string  comparisons  and pattern matching in\n                   rules, field splitting with FS and FPAT, record separating\n                   with  RS,  regular  expression matching with ~ and !~, and\n                   the  gensub(),  gsub(),  index(),   match(),   patsplit(),\n                   split(), and sub() built-in functions all ignore case when\n                   doing regular expression  operations.   NOTE:  Array  sub\u2010\n                   scripting  is  not  affected.   However,  the  asort() and\n                   asorti() functions are affected.\n                   Thus, if IGNORECASE is not equal to zero, \/aB\/ matches all\n                   of  the  strings  \"ab\", \"aB\", \"Ab\", and \"AB\".  As with all\n                   AWK variables, the initial value of IGNORECASE is zero, so\n                   all  regular expression and string operations are normally\n                   case-sensitive.\n       LINT        Provides dynamic control of the --lint option from  within\n                   an  AWK  program.   When  true, gawk prints lint warnings.\n                   When false, it does not.  When assigned the  string  value\n                   \"fatal\",  lint  warnings become fatal errors, exactly like\n                   --lint=fatal.  Any other true value just prints warnings.\n       NF          The number of fields in the current input record.\n       NR          The total number of input records seen so far.\n       OFMT        The output format for numbers, \"%.6g\", by default.\n       OFS         The output field separator, a space by default.\n       ORS         The output record separator, by default a newline.\n       PREC        The working precision  of  arbitrary  precision  floating-\n                   point numbers, 53 by default.\n       PROCINFO    The  elements  of this array provide access to information\n                   about the running AWK program.  On some systems, there may\n                   be  elements  in  the array, \"group1\" through \"groupn\" for\n                   some n, which is the number of supplementary  groups  that\n                   the  process  has.   Use the in operator to test for these\n                   elements.  The following elements  are  guaranteed  to  be\n                   available:\n                   PROCINFO[\"egid\"]     The  value  of  the getegid(2) system\n                                        call.\n                   PROCINFO[\"euid\"]     The value of  the  geteuid(2)  system\n                                        call.\n                   PROCINFO[\"FS\"]       \"FS\" if field splitting with FS is in\n                                        effect,  \"FPAT\"  if  field  splitting\n                                        with  FPAT  is  in effect, or \"FIELD\u2010\n                                        WIDTHS\"  if  field   splitting   with\n                                        FIELDWIDTHS is in effect.\n                   PROCINFO[\"gid\"]      The  value  of  the  getgid(2) system\n                                        call.\n                   PROCINFO[\"identifiers\"]\n                                        A subarray, indexed by the  names  of\n                                        all  identifiers  used in the text of\n                                        the AWK program.  The values indicate\n                                        what gawk knows about the identifiers\n                                        after it  has  finished  parsing  the\n                                        program;  they  are not updated while\n                                        the program runs.  For  each  identi\u2010\n                                        fier, the value of the element is one\n                                        of the following:\n                                        \"array\"\n                                               The identifier is an array.\n                                        \"builtin\"\n                                               The identifier is  a  built-in\n                                               function.\n                                        \"extension\"\n                                               The identifier is an extension\n                                               function loaded via  @load  or\n                                               -l.\n                                        \"scalar\"\n                                               The identifier is a scalar.\n                                        \"untyped\"\n                                               The   identifier   is  untyped\n                                               (could be used as a scalar  or\n                                               array, gawk doesn't know yet).\n                                        \"user\" The   identifier  is  a  user-\n                                               defined function.\n                   PROCINFO[\"pgrpid\"]   The process group ID of  the  current\n                                        process.\n                   PROCINFO[\"pid\"]      The   process   ID   of  the  current\n                                        process.\n                   PROCINFO[\"ppid\"]     The parent process ID of the  current\n                                        process.\n                   PROCINFO[\"strftime\"] The  default  time  format string for\n                                        strftime().\n                   PROCINFO[\"uid\"]      The value  of  the  getuid(2)  system\n                                        call.\n                   PROCINFO[\"version\"]  the version of gawk.\n                   The  following  elements  are  present  if loading dynamic\n                   extensions is available:\n                   PROCINFO[\"api_major\"]\n                          The major version of the extension API.\n                   PROCINFO[\"api_minor\"]\n                          The minor version of the extension API.\n                   The following elements are available if  MPFR  support  is\n                   compiled into gawk:\n                   PROCINFO[\"gmp_version\"]\n                          The  version  of  the GNU MP library used for arbi\u2010\n                          trary precision number support in gawk.\n                   PROCINFO[\"mpfr_version\"]\n                          The version of the GNU MPFR library used for  arbi\u2010\n                          trary precision number support in gawk.\n                   PROCINFO[\"prec_max\"]\n                          The  maximum  precision  supported  by the GNU MPFR\n                          library for arbitrary precision floating-point num\u2010\n                          bers.\n                   PROCINFO[\"prec_min\"]\n                          The  minimum  precision  allowed  by  the  GNU MPFR\n                          library for arbitrary precision floating-point num\u2010\n                          bers.\n                   The  following  elements  may  set  by a program to change\n                   gawk's behavior:\n                   PROCINFO[\"command\", \"pty\"]\n                          Use a pseudo-tty  for  two-way  communication  with\n                          command instead of setting up two one-way pipes.\n                   PROCINFO[\"input\", \"READ_TIMEOUT\"]\n                          The  timeout  in milliseconds for reading data from\n                          input, where input is a  redirection  string  or  a\n                          filename.  A  value of zero or less than zero means\n                          no timeout.\n                   PROCINFO[\"sorted_in\"]\n                          If this element exists in PROCINFO, then its  value\n                          controls the order in which array elements are tra\u2010\n                          versed  in  for  loops.    Supported   values   are\n                          \"@ind_str_asc\",   \"@ind_num_asc\",  \"@val_type_asc\",\n                          \"@val_str_asc\",  \"@val_num_asc\",   \"@ind_str_desc\",\n                          \"@ind_num_desc\", \"@val_type_desc\", \"@val_str_desc\",\n                          \"@val_num_desc\", and \"@unsorted\".   The  value  can\n                          also be the name of any comparison function defined\n                          as follows:\n                               function cmp_func(i1, v1, i2, v2)\n                          where i1 and i2 are the indices, and v1 and v2  are\n                          the  corresponding values of the two elements being\n                          compared.  It should return  a  number  less  than,\n                          equal  to,  or greater than 0, depending on how the\n                          elements of the array are to be ordered.\n       ROUNDMODE   The rounding mode to use for  arbitrary  precision  arith\u2010\n                   metic on numbers, by default \"N\" (IEEE-754 roundTiesToEven\n                   mode).   The  accepted  values  are   \"N\"   or   \"n\"   for\n                   roundTiesToEven,  \"U\"  or \"u\" for roundTowardPositive, \"D\"\n                   or \"d\" for roundTowardNegative, \"Z\" or  \"z\"  for  roundTo\u2010\n                   wardZero, and if your version of GNU MPFR library supports\n                   it, \"A\" or \"a\" for roundTiesToAway.\n       RS          The input record separator, by default a newline.\n       RT          The record terminator.  Gawk sets RT  to  the  input  text\n                   that matched the character or regular expression specified\n                   by RS.\n       RSTART      The index of the first character matched by match(); 0  if\n                   no  match.   (This implies that character indices start at\n                   one.)\n       RLENGTH     The length of the string matched  by  match();  -1  if  no\n                   match.\n       SUBSEP      The  character  used  to  separate  multiple subscripts in\n                   array elements, by default \"\\034\".\n       SYMTAB      An array whose indices are  the  names  of  all  currently\n                   defined  global  variables and arrays in the program.  The\n                   array may be used for indirect access to read or write the\n                   value of a variable:\n                        foo = 5\n                        SYMTAB[\"foo\"] = 4\n                        print foo    # prints 4\n                   The  isarray()  function may be used to test if an element\n                   in SYMTAB is an array.  You may not use the delete  state\u2010\n                   ment with the SYMTAB array.\n       TEXTDOMAIN  The  text  domain  of  the  AWK  program; used to find the\n                   localized translations for the program's strings.\n   Arrays\n       Arrays are subscripted with an expression between square  brackets  ([\n       and  ]).   If  the  expression  is an expression list (expr, expr ...)\n       then the array subscript is a string consisting of  the  concatenation\n       of  the  (string)  value of each expression, separated by the value of\n       the SUBSEP variable.  This  facility  is  used  to  simulate  multiply\n       dimensioned arrays.  For example:\n              i = \"A\"; j = \"B\"; k = \"C\"\n              x[i, j, k] = \"hello, world\\n\"\n       assigns  the  string  \"hello,  world\\n\"  to the element of the array x\n       which is indexed by the string \"A\\034B\\034C\".  All arrays in  AWK  are\n       associative, i.e., indexed by string values.\n       The  special  operator in may be used to test if an array has an index\n       consisting of a particular value:\n              if (val in array)\n                   print array[val]\n       If the array has multiple subscripts, use (i, j) in array.\n       The in construct may also be used in a for loop to  iterate  over  all\n       the elements of an array.  However, the (i, j) in array construct only\n       works in tests, not in for loops.\n       An element may be deleted from an array using  the  delete  statement.\n       The delete statement may also be used to delete the entire contents of\n       an array, just by specifying the array name without a subscript.\n       gawk supports true multidimensional arrays. It does not  require  that\n       such arrays be ``rectangular'' as in C or C++.  For example:\n              a[1] = 5\n              a[2][1] = 6\n              a[2][2] = 7\n       NOTE: You may need to tell gawk that an array element is really a sub\u2010\n       array in order to use it where gawk expects an array (such as  in  the\n       second  argument  to split()).  You can do this by creating an element\n       in the subarray and then deleting it with the delete statement.\n   Variable Typing And Conversion\n       Variables and fields may be (floating point) numbers, or  strings,  or\n       both.   How  the  value  of a variable is interpreted depends upon its\n       context.  If used in a numeric expression, it will  be  treated  as  a\n       number; if used as a string it will be treated as a string.\n       To  force  a variable to be treated as a number, add 0 to it; to force\n       it to be treated as a string, concatenate it with the null string.\n       Uninitialized variables have the numeric value 0 and the string  value\n       \"\" (the null, or empty, string).\n       When  a string must be converted to a number, the conversion is accom\u2010\n       plished using strtod(3).  A number is converted to a string  by  using\n       the  value  of  CONVFMT  as  a  format string for sprintf(3), with the\n       numeric value of the variable as the argument.  However,  even  though\n       all numbers in AWK are floating-point, integral values are always con\u2010\n       verted as integers.  Thus, given\n              CONVFMT = \"%2.2f\"\n              a = 12\n              b = a \"\"\n       the variable b has a string value of \"12\" and not \"12.00\".\n       NOTE: When operating in POSIX mode (such as with the --posix  option),\n       beware that locale settings may interfere with the way decimal numbers\n       are treated: the decimal separator of the numbers you are  feeding  to\n       gawk  must conform to what your locale would expect, be it a comma (,)\n       or a period (.).\n       Gawk performs comparisons as follows: If two  variables  are  numeric,\n       they  are compared numerically.  If one value is numeric and the other\n       has a string value that is a \u201cnumeric string,\u201d  then  comparisons  are\n       also done numerically.  Otherwise, the numeric value is converted to a\n       string and a string comparison is performed.   Two  strings  are  com\u2010\n       pared, of course, as strings.\n       Note  that  string  constants,  such as \"57\", are not numeric strings,\n       they are string constants.  The idea of \u201cnumeric string\u201d only  applies\n       to  fields,  getline  input, FILENAME, ARGV elements, ENVIRON elements\n       and the elements of an array created by split() or patsplit() that are\n       numeric  strings.   The  basic  idea is that user input, and only user\n       input, that looks numeric, should be treated that way.\n   Octal and Hexadecimal Constants\n       You may use C-style octal and hexadecimal constants in your  AWK  pro\u2010\n       gram  source code.  For example, the octal value 011 is equal to deci\u2010\n       mal 9, and the hexadecimal value 0x11 is equal to decimal 17.\n   String Constants\n       String constants in AWK are sequences of characters  enclosed  between\n       double   quotes   (like  \"value\").   Within  strings,  certain  escape\n       sequences are recognized, as in C.  These are:\n       \\\\   A literal backslash.\n       \\a   The \u201calert\u201d character; usually the ASCII BEL character.\n       \\b   Backspace.\n       \\f   Form-feed.\n       \\n   Newline.\n       \\r   Carriage return.\n       \\t   Horizontal tab.\n       \\v   Vertical tab.\n       \\xhex digits\n            The character represented by the  string  of  hexadecimal  digits\n            following  the \\x.  As in ISO C, all following hexadecimal digits\n            are considered part of the escape sequence.  (This feature should\n            tell  us  something  about  language design by committee.)  E.g.,\n            \"\\x1B\" is the ASCII ESC (escape) character.\n       \\ddd The character represented by the 1-, 2-, or 3-digit  sequence  of\n            octal digits.  E.g., \"\\033\" is the ASCII ESC (escape) character.\n       \\c   The literal character c.\n       The  escape sequences may also be used inside constant regular expres\u2010\n       sions (e.g., \/[ \\t\\f\\n\\r\\v]\/ matches whitespace characters).\n       In compatibility mode, the characters represented by octal  and  hexa\u2010\n       decimal  escape  sequences  are treated literally when used in regular\n       expression constants.  Thus, \/a\\52b\/ is equivalent to \/a\\*b\/.\nPATTERNS AND ACTIONS\n       AWK is a line-oriented language.  The pattern comes  first,  and  then\n       the  action.   Action  statements are enclosed in { and }.  Either the\n       pattern may be missing, or the action may be missing, but, of  course,\n       not both.  If the pattern is missing, the action is executed for every\n       single record of input.  A missing action is equivalent to\n              { print }\n       which prints the entire record.\n       Comments begin with the # character, and continue until the end of the\n       line.   Blank  lines  may be used to separate statements.  Normally, a\n       statement ends with a newline, however, this is not the case for lines\n       ending  in  a  comma,  {, ?, :, &amp;&amp;, or ||.  Lines ending in do or else\n       also have their statements automatically continued  on  the  following\n       line.   In  other  cases,  a line can be continued by ending it with a\n       \u201c\\\u201d, in which case the newline is ignored.\n       Multiple statements may be put on one line by separating them  with  a\n       \u201c;\u201d.   This applies to both the statements within the action part of a\n       pattern-action pair (the usual case), and to the pattern-action state\u2010\n       ments themselves.\n   Patterns\n       AWK patterns may be one of the following:\n              BEGIN\n              END\n              BEGINFILE\n              ENDFILE\n              \/regular expression\/\n              relational expression\n              pattern &amp;&amp; pattern\n              pattern || pattern\n              pattern ? pattern : pattern\n              (pattern)\n              ! pattern\n              pattern1, pattern2\n       BEGIN  and  END are two special kinds of patterns which are not tested\n       against the input.  The action parts of all BEGIN patterns are  merged\n       as  if  all  the  statements  had been written in a single BEGIN rule.\n       They are executed before any of the input is read.  Similarly, all the\n       END rules are merged, and executed when all the input is exhausted (or\n       when an exit statement is executed).  BEGIN and END patterns cannot be\n       combined  with  other  patterns in pattern expressions.  BEGIN and END\n       patterns cannot have missing action parts.\n       BEGINFILE and ENDFILE are additional special patterns whose bodies are\n       executed  before  reading  the first record of each command line input\n       file and after reading the last  record  of  each  file.   Inside  the\n       BEGINFILE  rule,  the  value  of ERRNO will be the empty string if the\n       file was opened successfully.  Otherwise, there is some  problem  with\n       the  file  and the code should use nextfile to skip it. If that is not\n       done, gawk produces its usual fatal error for  files  that  cannot  be\n       opened.\n       For  \/regular  expression\/  patterns, the associated statement is exe\u2010\n       cuted for each input record that matches the regular expression.  Reg\u2010\n       ular expressions are the same as those in egrep(1), and are summarized\n       below.\n       A relational expression may use any of the operators defined below  in\n       the  section  on actions.  These generally test whether certain fields\n       match certain regular expressions.\n       The &amp;&amp;, ||, and !  operators are logical AND, logical OR, and  logical\n       NOT, respectively, as in C.  They do short-circuit evaluation, also as\n       in C, and are used for combining more primitive  pattern  expressions.\n       As  in  most languages, parentheses may be used to change the order of\n       evaluation.\n       The ?: operator is like the same operator in C.  If the first  pattern\n       is  true then the pattern used for testing is the second pattern, oth\u2010\n       erwise it is the third.  Only one of the second and third patterns  is\n       evaluated.\n       The  pattern1,  pattern2  form of an expression is called a range pat\u2010\n       tern.  It matches all  input  records  starting  with  a  record  that\n       matches pattern1, and continuing until a record that matches pattern2,\n       inclusive.  It does not combine with any other sort of pattern expres\u2010\n       sion.\n   Regular Expressions\n       Regular  expressions  are  the extended kind found in egrep.  They are\n       composed of characters as follows:\n       c          Matches the non-metacharacter c.\n       \\c         Matches the literal character c.\n       .          Matches any character including newline.\n       ^          Matches the beginning of a string.\n       $          Matches the end of a string.\n       [abc...]   A character list: matches any  of  the  characters  abc....\n                  You  may  include  a range of characters by separating them\n                  with a dash.\n       [^abc...]  A negated character  list:  matches  any  character  except\n                  abc....\n       r1|r2      Alternation: matches either r1 or r2.\n       r1r2       Concatenation: matches r1, and then r2.\n       r+         Matches one or more r's.\n       r*         Matches zero or more r's.\n       r?         Matches zero or one r's.\n       (r)        Grouping: matches r.\n       r{n}\n       r{n,}\n       r{n,m}     One or two numbers inside braces denote an interval expres\u2010\n                  sion.  If there is one number in the braces, the  preceding\n                  regular expression r is repeated n times.  If there are two\n                  numbers separated by a comma, r is repeated n to  m  times.\n                  If  there  is  one  number  followed  by a comma, then r is\n                  repeated at least n times.\n       \\y         Matches the empty string at either the beginning or the end\n                  of a word.\n       \\B         Matches the empty string within a word.\n       \\&lt;         Matches the empty string at the beginning of a word.\n       \\&gt;         Matches the empty string at the end of a word.\n       \\s         Matches any whitespace character.\n       \\S         Matches any nonwhitespace character.\n       \\w         Matches  any  word-constituent character (letter, digit, or\n                  underscore).\n       \\W         Matches any character that is not word-constituent.\n       \\`         Matches the empty string  at  the  beginning  of  a  buffer\n                  (string).\n       \\'         Matches the empty string at the end of a buffer.\n       The  escape  sequences  that are valid in string constants (see String\n       Constants) are also valid in regular expressions.\n       Character classes are a feature introduced in the POSIX  standard.   A\n       character  class is a special notation for describing lists of charac\u2010\n       ters that have a specific attribute, but where the  actual  characters\n       themselves  can vary from country to country and\/or from character set\n       to character set.  For example, the notion of what  is  an  alphabetic\n       character differs in the USA and in France.\n       A  character  class  is  only valid in a regular expression inside the\n       brackets of a character list.  Character classes consist of [:, a key\u2010\n       word denoting the class, and :].  The character classes defined by the\n       POSIX standard are:\n       [:alnum:]  Alphanumeric characters.\n       [:alpha:]  Alphabetic characters.\n       [:blank:]  Space or tab characters.\n       [:cntrl:]  Control characters.\n       [:digit:]  Numeric characters.\n       [:graph:]  Characters that are both printable and visible.   (A  space\n                  is printable, but not visible, while an a is both.)\n       [:lower:]  Lowercase alphabetic characters.\n       [:print:]  Printable characters (characters that are not control char\u2010\n                  acters.)\n       [:punct:]  Punctuation characters (characters  that  are  not  letter,\n                  digits, control characters, or space characters).\n       [:space:]  Space characters (such as space, tab, and formfeed, to name\n                  a few).\n       [:upper:]  Uppercase alphabetic characters.\n       [:xdigit:] Characters that are hexadecimal digits.\n       For example, before the POSIX standard, to match alphanumeric  charac\u2010\n       ters,  you  would  have had to write \/[A-Za-z0-9]\/.  If your character\n       set had other alphabetic characters in it, this would not match  them,\n       and  if your character set collated differently from ASCII, this might\n       not even match the ASCII  alphanumeric  characters.   With  the  POSIX\n       character  classes,  you can write \/[[:alnum:]]\/, and this matches the\n       alphabetic and numeric characters in your  character  set,  no  matter\n       what it is.\n       Two additional special sequences can appear in character lists.  These\n       apply to non-ASCII character  sets,  which  can  have  single  symbols\n       (called  collating  elements)  that are represented with more than one\n       character, as well as several characters that are equivalent for  col\u2010\n       lating,  or  sorting,  purposes.   (E.g., in French, a plain \u201ce\u201d and a\n       grave-accented \u201c`\u201d are equivalent.)\n       Collating Symbols\n              A collating  symbol  is  a  multi-character  collating  element\n              enclosed in [.  and .].  For example, if ch is a collating ele\u2010\n              ment, then [[.ch.]]  is a regular expression that matches  this\n              collating  element,  while  [ch]  is  a regular expression that\n              matches either c or h.\n       Equivalence Classes\n              An equivalence class is a locale-specific name for  a  list  of\n              characters that are equivalent.  The name is enclosed in [= and\n              =].  For example, the name e might be used to represent all  of\n              \u201ce\u201d,  \u201c\u00b4\u201d, and \u201c`\u201d.  In this case, [[=e=]] is a regular expres\u2010\n              sion that matches any of e, \u00b4, or `.\n       These features are very valuable in non-English speaking locales.  The\n       library  functions that gawk uses for regular expression matching cur\u2010\n       rently only recognize POSIX character classes; they do  not  recognize\n       collating symbols or equivalence classes.\n       The  \\y, \\B, \\&lt;, \\&gt;, \\s, \\S, \\w, \\W, \\`, and \\' operators are specific\n       to gawk; they are extensions based on facilities in  the  GNU  regular\n       expression libraries.\n       The  various  command line options control how gawk interprets charac\u2010\n       ters in regular expressions.\n       No options\n              In the default case, gawk provides all the facilities of  POSIX\n              regular  expressions  and  the GNU regular expression operators\n              described above.\n       --posix\n              Only POSIX regular expressions are supported, the GNU operators\n              are not special.  (E.g., \\w matches a literal w).\n       --traditional\n              Traditional  UNIX awk regular expressions are matched.  The GNU\n              operators are not special, and  interval  expressions  are  not\n              available.   Characters  described  by  octal  and  hexadecimal\n              escape sequences are treated literally, even if they  represent\n              regular expression metacharacters.\n       --re-interval\n              Allow  interval  expressions  in  regular  expressions, even if\n              --traditional has been provided.\n   Actions\n       Action statements are enclosed in braces, { and }.  Action  statements\n       consist  of  the usual assignment, conditional, and looping statements\n       found in most  languages.   The  operators,  control  statements,  and\n       input\/output statements available are patterned after those in C.\n   Operators\n       The operators in AWK, in order of decreasing precedence, are:\n       (...)       Grouping\n       $           Field reference.\n       ++ --       Increment and decrement, both prefix and postfix.\n       ^           Exponentiation  (**  may  also  be  used,  and **= for the\n                   assignment operator).\n       + - !       Unary plus, unary minus, and logical negation.\n       * \/ %       Multiplication, division, and modulus.\n       + -         Addition and subtraction.\n       space       String concatenation.\n       |   |&amp;      Piped I\/O for getline, print, and printf.\n       &lt; &gt; &lt;= &gt;= != ==\n                   The regular relational operators.\n       ~ !~        Regular expression match, negated match.  NOTE: Do not use\n                   a  constant  regular  expression  (\/foo\/) on the left-hand\n                   side of a ~ or !~.  Only use one on the  right-hand  side.\n                   The  expression \/foo\/ ~ exp has the same meaning as (($0 ~\n                   \/foo\/) ~ exp).  This is usually not what you want.\n       in          Array membership.\n       &amp;&amp;          Logical AND.\n       ||          Logical OR.\n       ?:          The C conditional expression.  This has the form  expr1  ?\n                   expr2 : expr3.  If expr1 is true, the value of the expres\u2010\n                   sion is expr2, otherwise it is expr3.  Only one  of  expr2\n                   and expr3 is evaluated.\n       = += -= *= \/= %= ^=\n                   Assignment.   Both  absolute  assignment (var = value) and\n                   operator-assignment (the other forms) are supported.\n   Control Statements\n       The control statements are as follows:\n              if (condition) statement [ else statement ]\n              while (condition) statement\n              do statement while (condition)\n              for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement\n              for (var in array) statement\n              break\n              continue\n              delete array[index]\n              delete array\n              exit [ expression ]\n              { statements }\n              switch (expression) {\n              case value|regex : statement\n              ...\n              [ default: statement ]\n              }\n   I\/O Statements\n       The input\/output statements are as follows:\n       close(file [, how])   Close file, pipe or  co-process.   The  optional\n                             how  should only be used when closing one end of\n                             a two-way pipe to a co-process.  It  must  be  a\n                             string value, either \"to\" or \"from\".\n       getline               Set  $0 from next input record; set NF, NR, FNR,\n                             RT.\n       getline &lt;file         Set $0 from next record of file; set NF, RT.\n       getline var           Set var from next input record; set NR, FNR, RT.\n       getline var &lt;file     Set var from next record of file, RT.\n       command | getline [var]\n                             Run command piping the output either into $0  or\n                             var, as above, and RT.\n       command |&amp; getline [var]\n                             Run  command  as  a co-process piping the output\n                             either into $0 or var, as above,  and  RT.   Co-\n                             processes  are  a  gawk extension.  (command can\n                             also be a socket.  See  the  subsection  Special\n                             File Names, below.)\n       next                  Stop  processing  the current input record.  The\n                             next input record is read and processing  starts\n                             over  with the first pattern in the AWK program.\n                             Upon reaching the end of the  input  data,  gawk\n                             executes any END rule(s).\n       nextfile              Stop  processing  the  current  input file.  The\n                             next input record read comes from the next input\n                             file.   FILENAME  and ARGIND are updated, FNR is\n                             reset to 1, and processing starts over with  the\n                             first pattern in the AWK program.  Upon reaching\n                             the end of the input data, gawk executes any END\n                             rule(s).\n       print                 Print  the current record.  The output record is\n                             terminated with the value of ORS.\n       print expr-list       Print expressions.  Each expression is separated\n                             by  the value of OFS.  The output record is ter\u2010\n                             minated with the value of ORS.\n       print expr-list &gt;file Print expressions on file.  Each  expression  is\n                             separated  by  the  value  of  OFS.   The output\n                             record is terminated with the value of ORS.\n       printf fmt, expr-list Format and print.   See  The  printf  Statement,\n                             below.\n       printf fmt, expr-list &gt;file\n                             Format and print on file.\n       system(cmd-line)      Execute  the  command  cmd-line,  and return the\n                             exit status.  (This may not be available on non-\n                             POSIX  systems.)   See  the  manual for the full\n                             details on the exit status.\n       fflush([file])        Flush any buffers associated with the open  out\u2010\n                             put file or pipe file.  If file is missing or if\n                             it is the null string, then flush all open  out\u2010\n                             put files and pipes.\n       Additional output redirections are allowed for print and printf.\n       print ... &gt;&gt; file\n              Appends output to the file.\n       print ... | command\n              Writes on a pipe.\n       print ... |&amp; command\n              Sends data to a co-process or socket.  (See also the subsection\n              Special File Names, below.)\n       The getline command returns 1 on success, 0 on end of file, and -1  on\n       an  error.   Upon  an  error,  ERRNO is set to a string describing the\n       problem.\n       NOTE: Failure in opening a two-way socket results in a non-fatal error\n       being  returned  to the calling function. If using a pipe, co-process,\n       or socket to getline, or from print or printf within a loop, you  must\n       use  close()  to  create  new instances of the command or socket.  AWK\n       does not automatically close pipes, sockets, or co-processes when they\n       return EOF.\n   The printf Statement\n       The  AWK  versions of the printf statement and sprintf() function (see\n       below) accept the following conversion specification formats:\n       %c      A single character.  If the argument used for %c  is  numeric,\n               it  is  treated  as  a  character and printed.  Otherwise, the\n               argument is assumed to be a string, and the only first charac\u2010\n               ter of that string is printed.\n       %d, %i  A decimal number (the integer part).\n       %e, %E  A  floating  point number of the form [-]d.dddddde[+-]dd.  The\n               %E format uses E instead of e.\n       %f, %F  A floating point number of the  form  [-]ddd.dddddd.   If  the\n               system  library  supports it, %F is available as well. This is\n               like %f, but uses capital letters for special \u201cnot  a  number\u201d\n               and \u201cinfinity\u201d values. If %F is not available, gawk uses %f.\n       %g, %G  Use %e or %f conversion, whichever is shorter, with nonsignif\u2010\n               icant zeros suppressed.  The %G format uses %E instead of %e.\n       %o      An unsigned octal number (also an integer).\n       %u      An unsigned decimal number (again, an integer).\n       %s      A character string.\n       %x, %X  An unsigned hexadecimal number (an integer).   The  %X  format\n               uses ABCDEF instead of abcdef.\n       %%      A single % character; no argument is converted.\n       Optional,  additional parameters may lie between the % and the control\n       letter:\n       count$ Use the count'th argument at  this  point  in  the  formatting.\n              This is called a positional specifier and is intended primarily\n              for use in translated versions of format strings,  not  in  the\n              original text of an AWK program.  It is a gawk extension.\n       -      The expression should be left-justified within its field.\n       space  For  numeric  conversions, prefix positive values with a space,\n              and negative values with a minus sign.\n       +      The plus sign, used before the width modifier (see below), says\n              to  always  supply  a sign for numeric conversions, even if the\n              data to be formatted is positive.  The +  overrides  the  space\n              modifier.\n       #      Use  an  \u201calternate form\u201d for certain control letters.  For %o,\n              supply a leading zero.  For %x, and %X, supply a leading 0x  or\n              0X  for  a  nonzero  result.  For %e, %E, %f and %F, the result\n              always contains a decimal point.   For  %g,  and  %G,  trailing\n              zeros are not removed from the result.\n       0      A leading 0 (zero) acts as a flag, that indicates output should\n              be padded with zeroes instead of spaces.  This applies only  to\n              the  numeric output formats.  This flag only has an effect when\n              the field width is wider than the value to be printed.\n       '      A single quote character instructs gawk to insert the  locale's\n              thousands-separator character into decimal numbers, and to also\n              use the locale's decimal point character  with  floating  point\n              formats.  This requires correct locale support in the C library\n              and in the definition of the current locale.\n       width  The field should be padded to this width.  The  field  is  nor\u2010\n              mally  padded  with spaces.  With the 0 flag, it is padded with\n              zeroes.\n       .prec  A number that specifies the precision  to  use  when  printing.\n              For  the  %e, %E, %f and %F, formats, this specifies the number\n              of digits you want printed to the right of the  decimal  point.\n              For  the %g, and %G formats, it specifies the maximum number of\n              significant digits.  For the %d, %i, %o, %u, %x,  and  %X  for\u2010\n              mats,  it specifies the minimum number of digits to print.  For\n              %s, it specifies the maximum  number  of  characters  from  the\n              string that should be printed.\n       The dynamic width and prec capabilities of the ISO C printf() routines\n       are supported.  A * in place of either the width  or  prec  specifica\u2010\n       tions causes their values to be taken from the argument list to printf\n       or sprintf().  To use a positional specifier with a dynamic  width  or\n       precision,  supply  the  count$ after the * in the format string.  For\n       example, \"%3$*2$.*1$s\".\n   Special File Names\n       When doing I\/O redirection from either print or printf into a file, or\n       via  getline  from  a  file, gawk recognizes certain special filenames\n       internally.  These filenames allow access  to  open  file  descriptors\n       inherited  from gawk's parent process (usually the shell).  These file\n       names may also be used on the command line to name  data  files.   The\n       filenames are:\n       -           The standard input.\n       \/dev\/stdin  The standard input.\n       \/dev\/stdout The standard output.\n       \/dev\/stderr The standard error output.\n       \/dev\/fd\/n   The file associated with the open file descriptor n.\n       These are particularly useful for error messages.  For example:\n              print \"You blew it!\" &gt; \"\/dev\/stderr\"\n       whereas you would otherwise have to use\n              print \"You blew it!\" | \"cat 1&gt;&amp;2\"\n       The  following  special  filenames  may be used with the |&amp; co-process\n       operator for creating TCP\/IP network connections:\n       \/inet\/tcp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n       \/inet4\/tcp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n       \/inet6\/tcp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n              Files for a TCP\/IP connection on local  port  lport  to  remote\n              host  rhost  on remote port rport.  Use a port of 0 to have the\n              system pick a port.  Use \/inet4 to force  an  IPv4  connection,\n              and  \/inet6  to force an IPv6 connection.  Plain \/inet uses the\n              system default (most likely IPv4).\n       \/inet\/udp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n       \/inet4\/udp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n       \/inet6\/udp\/lport\/rhost\/rport\n              Similar, but use UDP\/IP instead of TCP\/IP.\n   Numeric Functions\n       AWK has the following built-in arithmetic functions:\n       atan2(y, x)   Return the arctangent of y\/x in radians.\n       cos(expr)     Return the cosine of expr, which is in radians.\n       exp(expr)     The exponential function.\n       int(expr)     Truncate to integer.\n       log(expr)     The natural logarithm function.\n       rand()        Return a random number N, between 0 and 1, such that 0 \u2264\n                     N &lt; 1.\n       sin(expr)     Return the sine of expr, which is in radians.\n       sqrt(expr)    Return the square root of expr.\n       srand([expr]) Use  expr  as the new seed for the random number genera\u2010\n                     tor.  If no expr is  provided,  use  the  time  of  day.\n                     Return  the  previous seed for the random number genera\u2010\n                     tor.\n   String Functions\n       Gawk has the following built-in string functions:\n       asort(s [, d [, how] ]) Return the number of elements  in  the  source\n                               array  s.  Sort the contents of s using gawk's\n                               normal rules for comparing values, and replace\n                               the  indices  of  the  sorted  values  s  with\n                               sequential integers starting with  1.  If  the\n                               optional  destination  array  d  is specified,\n                               first duplicate s into d,  and  then  sort  d,\n                               leaving  the  indices  of  the  source array s\n                               unchanged. The optional  string  how  controls\n                               the  direction and the comparison mode.  Valid\n                               values for how are any of  the  strings  valid\n                               for PROCINFO[\"sorted_in\"].  It can also be the\n                               name of a user-defined comparison function  as\n                               described in PROCINFO[\"sorted_in\"].\n       asorti(s [, d [, how] ])\n                               Return  the  number  of elements in the source\n                               array s.  The behavior is the same as that  of\n                               asort(),  except  that  the  array indices are\n                               used for sorting, not the array values.   When\n                               done,  the  array  is indexed numerically, and\n                               the values are those of the original  indices.\n                               The  original  values are lost; thus provide a\n                               second array if you wish to preserve the orig\u2010\n                               inal.   The purpose of the optional string how\n                               is the same as described in asort() above.\n       gensub(r, s, h [, t])   Search the target string t for matches of  the\n                               regular expression r.  If h is a string begin\u2010\n                               ning with g or G, then replace all matches  of\n                               r with s.  Otherwise, h is a number indicating\n                               which match of r to replace.  If t is not sup\u2010\n                               plied, use $0 instead.  Within the replacement\n                               text s, the sequence \\n, where n  is  a  digit\n                               from  1 to 9, may be used to indicate just the\n                               text that matched the n'th parenthesized  sub\u2010\n                               expression.   The  sequence  \\0 represents the\n                               entire matched text, as does the character  &amp;.\n                               Unlike  sub()  and gsub(), the modified string\n                               is returned as the result of the function, and\n                               the original target string is not changed.\n       gsub(r, s [, t])        For   each   substring  matching  the  regular\n                               expression r in the string t,  substitute  the\n                               string  s,  and return the number of substitu\u2010\n                               tions.  If t is not supplied, use $0.  An &amp; in\n                               the replacement text is replaced with the text\n                               that was actually matched.  Use \\&amp;  to  get  a\n                               literal  &amp;.  (This must be typed as \"\\\\&amp;\"; see\n                               GAWK: Effective AWK Programming for  a  fuller\n                               discussion  of  the  rules  for  &amp;'s and back\u2010\n                               slashes in  the  replacement  text  of  sub(),\n                               gsub(), and gensub().)\n       index(s, t)             Return the index of the string t in the string\n                               s, or 0 if t is not  present.   (This  implies\n                               that character indices start at one.)  It is a\n                               fatal error to use a regexp constant for t.\n       length([s])             Return the length of  the  string  s,  or  the\n                               length  of $0 if s is not supplied.  As a non-\n                               standard extension, with  an  array  argument,\n                               length() returns the number of elements in the\n                               array.\n       match(s, r [, a])       Return the position in  s  where  the  regular\n                               expression r occurs, or 0 if r is not present,\n                               and set the  values  of  RSTART  and  RLENGTH.\n                               Note  that  the  argument order is the same as\n                               for the ~ operator: str ~ re.  If array  a  is\n                               provided,  a  is  cleared  and then elements 1\n                               through n are filled with the  portions  of  s\n                               that  match  the  corresponding  parenthesized\n                               subexpression in r.  The  0'th  element  of  a\n                               contains  the  portion  of  s  matched  by the\n                               entire regular expression r.  Subscripts  a[n,\n                               \"start\"],   and  a[n,  \"length\"]  provide  the\n                               starting  index  in  the  string  and   length\n                               respectively, of each matching substring.\n       patsplit(s, a [, r [, seps] ])\n                               Split  the  string  s into the array a and the\n                               separators array seps on the  regular  expres\u2010\n                               sion r, and return the number of fields.  Ele\u2010\n                               ment values are the portions of s that matched\n                               r.  The value of seps[i] is the separator that\n                               appeared in front of a[i+1].  If r is omitted,\n                               FPAT  is  used instead.  The arrays a and seps\n                               are cleared first.  Splitting behaves  identi\u2010\n                               cally  to field splitting with FPAT, described\n                               above.\n       split(s, a [, r [, seps] ])\n                               Split the string s into the array  a  and  the\n                               separators  array  seps on the regular expres\u2010\n                               sion r, and return the number of fields.  If r\n                               is  omitted, FS is used instead.  The arrays a\n                               and seps are cleared first.   seps[i]  is  the\n                               field  separator matched by r between a[i] and\n                               a[i+1].  If r is a single space, then  leading\n                               whitespace in s goes into the extra array ele\u2010\n                               ment seps[0] and trailing whitespace goes into\n                               the  extra  array  element seps[n], where n is\n                               the return value  of  split(s,  a,  r,  seps).\n                               Splitting  behaves identically to field split\u2010\n                               ting, described above.\n       sprintf(fmt, expr-list) Print expr-list according to fmt,  and  return\n                               the resulting string.\n       strtonum(str)           Examine str, and return its numeric value.  If\n                               str begins with a leading 0, treat  it  as  an\n                               octal number.  If str begins with a leading 0x\n                               or 0X, treat it as a hexadecimal number.  Oth\u2010\n                               erwise, assume it is a decimal number.\n       sub(r, s [, t])         Just  like  gsub(), but replace only the first\n                               matching substring.\n       substr(s, i [, n])      Return the at most n-character substring of  s\n                               starting  at i.  If n is omitted, use the rest\n                               of s.\n       tolower(str)            Return a copy of the string str, with all  the\n                               uppercase  characters  in  str  translated  to\n                               their  corresponding  lowercase  counterparts.\n                               Non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged.\n       toupper(str)            Return  a copy of the string str, with all the\n                               lowercase  characters  in  str  translated  to\n                               their  corresponding  uppercase  counterparts.\n                               Non-alphabetic characters are left unchanged.\n       Gawk is multibyte aware.  This means that index(), length(),  substr()\n       and match() all work in terms of characters, not bytes.\n   Time Functions\n       Since  one of the primary uses of AWK programs is processing log files\n       that contain time stamp information, gawk provides the following func\u2010\n       tions for obtaining time stamps and formatting them.\n       mktime(datespec)\n                 Turn datespec into a time stamp of the same form as returned\n                 by systime(), and return the  result.   The  datespec  is  a\n                 string  of the form YYYY MM DD HH MM SS[ DST].  The contents\n                 of the string are six or seven numbers representing  respec\u2010\n                 tively  the full year including century, the month from 1 to\n                 12, the day of the month from 1 to 31, the hour of  the  day\n                 from  0 to 23, the minute from 0 to 59, the second from 0 to\n                 60, and an optional daylight saving  flag.   The  values  of\n                 these  numbers  need not be within the ranges specified; for\n                 example, an hour of -1 means 1 hour  before  midnight.   The\n                 origin-zero  Gregorian calendar is assumed, with year 0 pre\u2010\n                 ceding year 1 and year -1 preceding year  0.   The  time  is\n                 assumed to be in the local timezone.  If the daylight saving\n                 flag is positive, the time is assumed to be daylight  saving\n                 time;  if zero, the time is assumed to be standard time; and\n                 if negative (the default), mktime()  attempts  to  determine\n                 whether  daylight saving time is in effect for the specified\n                 time.  If datespec does not contain enough  elements  or  if\n                 the resulting time is out of range, mktime() returns -1.\n       strftime([format [, timestamp[, utc-flag]]])\n                 Format  timestamp  according to the specification in format.\n                 If utc-flag is present and  is  non-zero  or  non-null,  the\n                 result  is  in  UTC,  otherwise the result is in local time.\n                 The timestamp should be of the same form as returned by sys\u2010\n                 time().  If timestamp is missing, the current time of day is\n                 used.  If format is missing, a default format equivalent  to\n                 the output of date(1) is used.  The default format is avail\u2010\n                 able in PROCINFO[\"strftime\"].  See the specification for the\n                 strftime() function in ISO C for the format conversions that\n                 are guaranteed to be available.\n       systime() Return the current time of day  as  the  number  of  seconds\n                 since the Epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC on POSIX systems).\n   Bit Manipulations Functions\n       Gawk  supplies the following bit manipulation functions.  They work by\n       converting double-precision floating point values to  uintmax_t  inte\u2010\n       gers,  doing  the  operation,  and  then converting the result back to\n       floating point.  The functions are:\n       and(v1, v2 [, ...]) Return the bitwise AND of the values  provided  in\n                           the argument list.  There must be at least two.\n       compl(val)          Return the bitwise complement of val.\n       lshift(val, count)  Return  the  value  of  val, shifted left by count\n                           bits.\n       or(v1, v2 [, ...])  Return the bitwise OR of the  values  provided  in\n                           the argument list.  There must be at least two.\n       rshift(val, count)  Return  the  value  of val, shifted right by count\n                           bits.\n       xor(v1, v2 [, ...]) Return the bitwise XOR of the values  provided  in\n                           the argument list.  There must be at least two.\n   Type Function\n       The following function is for use with multidimensional arrays.\n       isarray(x)\n              Return true if x is an array, false otherwise.\n   Internationalization Functions\n       The  following  functions may be used from within your AWK program for\n       translating strings at run-time.  For full details, see  GAWK:  Effec\u2010\n       tive AWK Programming.\n       bindtextdomain(directory [, domain])\n              Specify  the  directory where gawk looks for the .gmo files, in\n              case they will not or cannot  be  placed  in  the  ``standard''\n              locations  (e.g.,  during  testing).   It returns the directory\n              where domain is ``bound.''\n              The default domain is the value of TEXTDOMAIN.  If directory is\n              the null string (\"\"), then bindtextdomain() returns the current\n              binding for the given domain.\n       dcgettext(string [, domain [, category]])\n              Return the translation of string  in  text  domain  domain  for\n              locale  category category.  The default value for domain is the\n              current value of TEXTDOMAIN.  The default value for category is\n              \"LC_MESSAGES\".\n              If  you  supply a value for category, it must be a string equal\n              to one of the known locale categories described in GAWK: Effec\u2010\n              tive AWK Programming.  You must also supply a text domain.  Use\n              TEXTDOMAIN if you want to use the current domain.\n       dcngettext(string1, string2, number [, domain [, category]])\n              Return the plural form used for number of  the  translation  of\n              string1  and  string2 in text domain domain for locale category\n              category.  The default value for domain is the current value of\n              TEXTDOMAIN.  The default value for category is \"LC_MESSAGES\".\n              If  you  supply a value for category, it must be a string equal\n              to one of the known locale categories described in GAWK: Effec\u2010\n              tive AWK Programming.  You must also supply a text domain.  Use\n              TEXTDOMAIN if you want to use the current domain.\nUSER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS\n       Functions in AWK are defined as follows:\n              function name(parameter list) { statements }\n       Functions are executed when they are called from within expressions in\n       either  patterns  or actions.  Actual parameters supplied in the func\u2010\n       tion call are used to instantiate the formal  parameters  declared  in\n       the  function.   Arrays  are  passed by reference, other variables are\n       passed by value.\n       Since functions were not originally part of the AWK language, the pro\u2010\n       vision  for  local  variables  is  rather clumsy: They are declared as\n       extra parameters in the parameter list.  The convention is to separate\n       local  variables from real parameters by extra spaces in the parameter\n       list.  For example:\n              function  f(p, q,     a, b)   # a and b are local\n              {\n                   ...\n              }\n              \/abc\/     { ... ; f(1, 2) ; ... }\n       The left parenthesis in a function call  is  required  to  immediately\n       follow  the  function  name, without any intervening whitespace.  This\n       avoids a syntactic ambiguity with the  concatenation  operator.   This\n       restriction does not apply to the built-in functions listed above.\n       Functions  may call each other and may be recursive.  Function parame\u2010\n       ters used as local variables are initialized to the  null  string  and\n       the number zero upon function invocation.\n       Use  return  expr to return a value from a function.  The return value\n       is undefined if no value is provided, or if the  function  returns  by\n       \u201cfalling off\u201d the end.\n       As  a  gawk extension, functions may be called indirectly. To do this,\n       assign the name of the function to be called, as a string, to a  vari\u2010\n       able.   Then  use  the  variable as if it were the name of a function,\n       prefixed with an @ sign, like so:\n              function myfunc()\n              {\n                   print \"myfunc called\"\n                   ...\n              }\n              {    ...\n                   the_func = \"myfunc\"\n                   @the_func()    # call through the_func to myfunc\n                   ...\n              }\n       As of version 4.1.2, this works with user-defined functions,  built-in\n       functions, and extension functions.\n       If --lint has been provided, gawk warns about calls to undefined func\u2010\n       tions at parse time, instead of at run  time.   Calling  an  undefined\n       function at run time is a fatal error.\n       The  word func may be used in place of function, although this is dep\u2010\n       recated.\nDYNAMICALLY LOADING NEW FUNCTIONS\n       You can dynamically add new built-in functions  to  the  running  gawk\n       interpreter with the @load statement.  The full details are beyond the\n       scope of this manual page; see GAWK: Effective AWK Programming.\nSIGNALS\n       The gawk profiler accepts two signals.  SIGUSR1 causes it  to  dump  a\n       profile  and  function call stack to the profile file, which is either\n       awkprof.out, or whatever file was named with the --profile option.  It\n       then  continues  to  run.   SIGHUP causes gawk to dump the profile and\n       function call stack and then exit.\nINTERNATIONALIZATION\n       String constants  are  sequences  of  characters  enclosed  in  double\n       quotes.   In non-English speaking environments, it is possible to mark\n       strings in the AWK program as requiring translation to the local natu\u2010\n       ral  language. Such strings are marked in the AWK program with a lead\u2010\n       ing underscore (\u201c_\u201d).  For example,\n              gawk 'BEGIN { print \"hello, world\" }'\n       always prints hello, world.  But,\n              gawk 'BEGIN { print _\"hello, world\" }'\n       might print bonjour, monde in France.\n       There are several steps involved in producing and running  a  localiz\u2010\n       able AWK program.\n       1.  Add a BEGIN action to assign a value to the TEXTDOMAIN variable to\n           set the text domain to a name associated with your program:\n                BEGIN { TEXTDOMAIN = \"myprog\" }\n           This allows gawk to find the .gmo file associated with  your  pro\u2010\n           gram.   Without  this  step,  gawk  uses the messages text domain,\n           which likely does not contain translations for your program.\n       2.  Mark all strings that should be  translated  with  leading  under\u2010\n           scores.\n       3.  If  necessary,  use  the dcgettext() and\/or bindtextdomain() func\u2010\n           tions in your program, as appropriate.\n       4.  Run gawk --gen-pot -f myprog.awk &gt; myprog.pot to generate  a  .pot\n           file for your program.\n       5.  Provide appropriate translations, and build and install the corre\u2010\n           sponding .gmo files.\n       The internationalization features are  described  in  full  detail  in\n       GAWK: Effective AWK Programming.\nPOSIX COMPATIBILITY\n       A  primary  goal for gawk is compatibility with the POSIX standard, as\n       well as with the latest version of Brian  Kernighan's  awk.   To  this\n       end,  gawk  incorporates the following user visible features which are\n       not described in the AWK book, but are part of the  Brian  Kernighan's\n       version of awk, and are in the POSIX standard.\n       The  book indicates that command line variable assignment happens when\n       awk would otherwise open the argument as a file, which  is  after  the\n       BEGIN  rule  is  executed.   However, in earlier implementations, when\n       such an assignment appeared before  any  file  names,  the  assignment\n       would  happen  before  the  BEGIN  rule was run.  Applications came to\n       depend on this \u201cfeature.\u201d  When awk was changed to match its  documen\u2010\n       tation, the -v option for assigning variables before program execution\n       was added to accommodate  applications  that  depended  upon  the  old\n       behavior.  (This feature was agreed upon by both the Bell Laboratories\n       and the GNU developers.)\n       When processing arguments, gawk uses the special option \u201c--\u201d to signal\n       the  end of arguments.  In compatibility mode, it warns about but oth\u2010\n       erwise ignores undefined options.  In normal operation, such arguments\n       are passed on to the AWK program for it to process.\n       The  AWK  book does not define the return value of srand().  The POSIX\n       standard has it return the seed it was using, to allow  keeping  track\n       of  random  number  sequences.  Therefore srand() in gawk also returns\n       its current seed.\n       Other new features are: The use of multiple -f options (from MKS awk);\n       the ENVIRON array; the \\a, and \\v escape sequences (done originally in\n       gawk and fed back into the Bell Laboratories version);  the  tolower()\n       and toupper() built-in functions (from the Bell Laboratories version);\n       and the ISO C conversion specifications in printf (done first  in  the\n       Bell Laboratories version).\nHISTORICAL FEATURES\n       There  is one feature of historical AWK implementations that gawk sup\u2010\n       ports: It is possible to call the length() built-in function not  only\n       with no argument, but even without parentheses!  Thus,\n              a = length     # Holy Algol 60, Batman!\n       is the same as either of\n              a = length()\n              a = length($0)\n       Using  this  feature is poor practice, and gawk issues a warning about\n       its use if --lint is specified on the command line.\nGNU EXTENSIONS\n       Gawk has a too-large number of extensions  to  POSIX  awk.   They  are\n       described  in  this section.  All the extensions described here can be\n       disabled by invoking gawk with the --traditional or --posix options.\n       The following features of gawk are not available in POSIX awk.\n       \u00b7 No path search is performed for  files  named  via  the  -f  option.\n         Therefore the AWKPATH environment variable is not special.\n       \u00b7 There is no facility for doing file inclusion (gawk's @include mech\u2010\n         anism).\n       \u00b7 There is no facility for dynamically adding new functions written in\n         C (gawk's @load mechanism).\n       \u00b7 The \\x escape sequence.  (Disabled with --posix.)\n       \u00b7 The  ability  to  continue  lines  after  ?   and :.  (Disabled with\n         --posix.)\n       \u00b7 Octal and hexadecimal constants in AWK programs.\n       \u00b7 The ARGIND, BINMODE, ERRNO, LINT, RT and  TEXTDOMAIN  variables  are\n         not special.\n       \u00b7 The IGNORECASE variable and its side-effects are not available.\n       \u00b7 The FIELDWIDTHS variable and fixed-width field splitting.\n       \u00b7 The FPAT variable and field splitting based on field values.\n       \u00b7 The PROCINFO array is not available.\n       \u00b7 The use of RS as a regular expression.\n       \u00b7 The  special file names available for I\/O redirection are not recog\u2010\n         nized.\n       \u00b7 The |&amp; operator for creating co-processes.\n       \u00b7 The BEGINFILE and ENDFILE special patterns are not available.\n       \u00b7 The ability to split out individual characters using the null string\n         as the value of FS, and as the third argument to split().\n       \u00b7 An  optional  fourth  argument  to  split() to receive the separator\n         texts.\n       \u00b7 The optional second argument to the close() function.\n       \u00b7 The optional third argument to the match() function.\n       \u00b7 The ability to use positional specifiers with printf and sprintf().\n       \u00b7 The ability to pass an array to length().\n       \u00b7 The and(),  asort(),  asorti(),  bindtextdomain(),  compl(),  dcget\u2010\n         text(),  dcngettext(),  gensub(),  lshift(),  mktime(),  or(),  pat\u2010\n         split(), rshift(), strftime(), strtonum(), systime() and xor() func\u2010\n         tions.\n       \u00b7 Localizable strings.\n       The AWK book does not define the return value of the close() function.\n       Gawk's close() returns the value from fclose(3),  or  pclose(3),  when\n       closing  an  output  file  or  pipe,  respectively.   It  returns  the\n       process's exit status when closing an input pipe.  The return value is\n       -1  if  the named file, pipe or co-process was not opened with a redi\u2010\n       rection.\n       When gawk is invoked with the --traditional option, if the fs argument\n       to  the  -F  option is \u201ct\u201d, then FS is set to the tab character.  Note\n       that typing gawk -F\\t ...  simply causes the shell to quote  the  \u201ct,\u201d\n       and  does not pass \u201c\\t\u201d to the -F option.  Since this is a rather ugly\n       special case, it is not the default behavior.  This behavior also does\n       not  occur if --posix has been specified.  To really get a tab charac\u2010\n       ter as the field separator, it is best  to  use  single  quotes:  gawk\n       -F'\\t' ....\nENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\n       The  AWKPATH  environment  variable  can  be used to provide a list of\n       directories that gawk searches when looking for files  named  via  the\n       -f,  --file,  -i  and --include options.  If the initial search fails,\n       the path is searched again after appending .awk to the filename.\n       The AWKLIBPATH environment variable can be used to provide a  list  of\n       directories that gawk searches when looking for files named via the -l\n       and --load options.\n       The GAWK_READ_TIMEOUT environment variable can be used  to  specify  a\n       timeout  in  milliseconds  for  reading input from a terminal, pipe or\n       two-way communication including sockets.\n       For connection to a remote host via socket, GAWK_SOCK_RETRIES controls\n       the  number  of  retries, and GAWK_MSEC_SLEEP and the interval between\n       retries.  The interval is in milliseconds. On systems that do not sup\u2010\n       port  usleep(3), the value is rounded up to an integral number of sec\u2010\n       onds.\n       If POSIXLY_CORRECT  exists  in  the  environment,  then  gawk  behaves\n       exactly  as  if  --posix  had  been specified on the command line.  If\n       --lint has been specified, gawk  issues  a  warning  message  to  this\n       effect.\nEXIT STATUS\n       If  the  exit statement is used with a value, then gawk exits with the\n       numeric value given to it.\n       Otherwise, if there were no problems during execution, gawk exits with\n       the value of the C constant EXIT_SUCCESS.  This is usually zero.\n       If  an  error  occurs,  gawk  exits  with  the value of the C constant\n       EXIT_FAILURE.  This is usually one.\n       If gawk exits because of a fatal error, the exit status is 2.  On non-\n       POSIX systems, this value may be mapped to EXIT_FAILURE.\nVERSION INFORMATION\n       This man page documents gawk, version 4.1.\nAUTHORS\n       The  original  version  of  UNIX  awk  was designed and implemented by\n       Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan  of  Bell  Laborato\u2010\n       ries.  Brian Kernighan continues to maintain and enhance it.\n       Paul  Rubin  and  Jay Fenlason, of the Free Software Foundation, wrote\n       gawk, to be compatible with the original version of awk distributed in\n       Seventh  Edition  UNIX.  John Woods contributed a number of bug fixes.\n       David Trueman, with contributions from Arnold Robbins, made gawk  com\u2010\n       patible  with the new version of UNIX awk.  Arnold Robbins is the cur\u2010\n       rent maintainer.\n       See GAWK: Effective AWK Programming for a full list of  the  contribu\u2010\n       tors to gawk and its documentation.\n       See  the  README file in the gawk distribution for up-to-date informa\u2010\n       tion about maintainers and which ports are currently supported.\nBUG REPORTS\n       If you find a bug  in  gawk,  please  send  electronic  mail  to  bug-\n       gawk@gnu.org.   Please include your operating system and its revision,\n       the version of gawk (from gawk --version), which C compiler  you  used\n       to compile it, and a test program and data that are as small as possi\u2010\n       ble for reproducing the problem.\n       Before sending a bug report, please do the following  things.   First,\n       verify  that  you have the latest version of gawk.  Many bugs (usually\n       subtle ones) are fixed at each release, and if yours is out  of  date,\n       the  problem may already have been solved.  Second, please see if set\u2010\n       ting the environment variable LC_ALL  to  LC_ALL=C  causes  things  to\n       behave  as  you expect. If so, it's a locale issue, and may or may not\n       really be a bug.  Finally, please read this man page and the reference\n       manual  carefully  to  be sure that what you think is a bug really is,\n       instead of just a quirk in the language.\n       Whatever you do, do NOT post a bug report in comp.lang.awk.  While the\n       gawk  developers occasionally read this newsgroup, posting bug reports\n       there is an unreliable way to report bugs.  Instead,  please  use  the\n       electronic mail addresses given above.  Really.\n       If  you're using a GNU\/Linux or BSD-based system, you may wish to sub\u2010\n       mit a bug report to the vendor of your distribution.  That's fine, but\n       please  send  a  copy  to  the  official  email address as well, since\n       there's no guarantee that the bug report will be forwarded to the gawk\n       maintainer.\nBUGS\n       The -F option is not necessary given the command line variable assign\u2010\n       ment feature; it remains only for backwards compatibility.\nSEE ALSO\n       egrep(1),  sed(1),  getpid(2),  getppid(2),   getpgrp(2),   getuid(2),\n       geteuid(2), getgid(2), getegid(2), getgroups(2), usleep(3)\n       The AWK Programming Language, Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, Peter\n       J. Weinberger, Addison-Wesley, 1988.  ISBN 0-201-07981-X.\n       GAWK: Effective AWK Programming, Edition 4.1, shipped  with  the  gawk\n       source.   The  current version of this document is available online at\n       http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/gawk\/manual.\nEXAMPLES\n       Print and sort the login names of all users:\n            BEGIN     { FS = \":\" }\n                 { print $1 | \"sort\" }\n       Count lines in a file:\n                 { nlines++ }\n            END  { print nlines }\n       Precede each line by its number in the file:\n            { print FNR, $0 }\n       Concatenate and line number (a variation on a theme):\n            { print NR, $0 }\n       Run an external command for particular lines of data:\n            tail -f access_log |\n            awk '\/myhome.html\/ { system(\"nmap \" $1 \"&gt;&gt; logdir\/myhome.html\") }'\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n       Brian Kernighan provided valuable assistance during testing and debug\u2010\n       ging.  We thank him.\nCOPYING PERMISSIONS\n       Copyright  \u00a9  1989,  1991,  1992,  1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,\n       1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,  2007,  2009,  2010,  2011,  2012,\n       2013, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n       Permission  is  granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this\n       manual page provided the copyright notice and this  permission  notice\n       are preserved on all copies.\n       Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this\n       manual page under the conditions for verbatim copying,  provided  that\n       the  entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a\n       permission notice identical to this one.\n       Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this man\u2010\n       ual  page  into another language, under the above conditions for modi\u2010\n       fied versions, except that this permission notice may be stated  in  a\n       translation approved by the Foundation.\nFree Software Foundation          Mar 7 2016                          GAWK(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>vim<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8fdb\u5165\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a \u4e8e\u5149\u6807\u540e<\/p>\n<p>A \u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6bb5\u5c3e<\/p>\n<p>i \u4e8e\u5149\u6807\u524d<\/p>\n<p>I \u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u6bb5\u843d\u6bb5\u9996<\/p>\n<p>o \u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n<p>O \u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5149\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>h \u5de6\u4e00\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>j \u4e0b\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>k \u4e0a\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>l \u53f3\u4e00\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>gg \u81f3\u6587\u4ef6\u9996\u884c<\/p>\n<p>G \u81f3\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e<\/p>\n<p>nG \u81f3\u7b2cn\u884c<\/p>\n<p>^ \u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u9996\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>$ \u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5c3e\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>fx \u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4f4dx<\/p>\n<p>Fx \u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4dx<\/p>\n<p>w \u5411\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/p>\n<p>x \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n<p>dd \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>ndd \u5220\u9664n\u884c<\/p>\n<p>d$ \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u81f3\u884c\u5c3e<\/p>\n<p>J \u5220\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c<\/p>\n<p>u \u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65<\/p>\n<p>rx \u5149\u6807\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3ax<\/p>\n<p>yy \u590d\u5236\u5f53\u524d\u884c<\/p>\n<p>p \u7c98\u8d34\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e4b\u540e<\/p>\n<p>q \u7c98\u8d34\u81f3\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e4b\u524d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u66ff\u6362<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165:\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u66ff\u6362\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<p>:s\/root\/admin\/ \u5149\u6807\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aroot\u6362\u4e3aadmin<\/p>\n<p>:s\/root\/admin\/g \u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709root\u6362\u4e3aadmin<\/p>\n<p>:3,5s\/sbin\/bin\/g 3-5\u884c\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n<p>:%s\/nologin\/fault\/g \u6240\u6709\u884c\u66ff\u6362<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0e\u9000\u51fa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>:q! \u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>:wq! \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\ude21 \u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>:w \u4fdd\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>:w b.txt \u53e6\u5b58<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5176\u4ed6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n<p>:set number \u6216set nu \u00a0\u6dfb\u52a0\u884c\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>:set ignorecase \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n<p>:split \u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7a97\u53e3\u5207\u6362<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ctrl+w+h \u5de6<\/p>\n<p>ctrl+w+l \u53f3<\/p>\n<p>ctrl+w+j \u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>ctrl+w+k \u4e0b<\/p>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       vim [options] [file ..]\n       vim [options] -\n       vim [options] -t tag\n       vim [options] -q [errorfile]\n       ex\n       view\n       gvim gview evim eview\n       rvim rview rgvim rgview\nDESCRIPTION\n       Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi.  It can be used\n       to edit all kinds of plain text.  It is especially useful for  editing\n       programs.\n       There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo, multi win\u2010\n       dows and buffers, syntax highlighting, command line editing,  filename\n       completion,   on-line   help,  visual  selection,  etc..   See  \":help\n       vi_diff.txt\" for a summary of the differences between Vim and Vi.\n       While running Vim a lot of help can be obtained from the on-line  help\n       system, with the \":help\" command.  See the ON-LINE HELP section below.\n       Most often Vim is started to edit a single file with the command\n            vim file\n       More generally Vim is started with:\n            vim [options] [filelist]\n       If  the  filelist is missing, the editor will start with an empty buf\u2010\n       fer.  Otherwise exactly one out of the following four may be  used  to\n       choose one or more files to be edited.\n       file ..     A  list  of  filenames.  The first one will be the current\n                   file and read into the buffer.  The cursor will  be  posi\u2010\n                   tioned  on  the  first line of the buffer.  You can get to\n                   the other files with the \":next\" command.  To edit a  file\n                   that starts with a dash, precede the filelist with \"--\".\n       -           The  file  to  edit is read from stdin.  Commands are read\n                   from stderr, which should be a tty.\n       -t {tag}    The file to edit and the initial cursor  position  depends\n                   on  a  \"tag\", a sort of goto label.  {tag} is looked up in\n                   the tags file, the associated  file  becomes  the  current\n                   file  and the associated command is executed.  Mostly this\n                   is used for C programs, in which case  {tag}  could  be  a\n                   function  name.   The  effect  is that the file containing\n                   that function becomes the current file and the  cursor  is\n                   positioned  on  the  start  of  the  function.  See \":help\n                   tag-commands\".\n       -q [errorfile]\n                   Start in quickFix mode.  The file [errorfile] is read  and\n                   the  first error is displayed.  If [errorfile] is omitted,\n                   the filename is obtained from the 'errorfile' option  (de\u2010\n                   faults  to  \"AztecC.Err\"  for  the  Amiga, \"errors.err\" on\n                   other systems).  Further errors can be jumped to with  the\n                   \":cn\" command.  See \":help quickfix\".\n       Vim behaves differently, depending on the name of the command (the ex\u2010\n       ecutable may still be the same file).\n       vim       The \"normal\" way, everything is default.\n       ex        Start in Ex mode.  Go to Normal mode with the \":vi\" command.\n                 Can also be done with the \"-e\" argument.\n       view      Start in read-only mode.  You will be protected from writing\n                 the files.  Can also be done with the \"-R\" argument.\n       gvim gview\n                 The GUI version.  Starts a new window.   Can  also  be  done\n                 with the \"-g\" argument.\n       evim eview\n                 The  GUI  version  in  easy mode.  Starts a new window.  Can\n                 also be done with the \"-y\" argument.\n       rvim rview rgvim rgview\n                 Like the above, but with restrictions.  It will not be  pos\u2010\n                 sible  to start shell commands, or suspend Vim.  Can also be\n                 done with the \"-Z\" argument.\nOPTIONS\n       The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames.  Op\u2010\n       tions without an argument can be combined after a single dash.\n       +[num]      For  the  first file the cursor will be positioned on line\n                   \"num\".  If \"num\" is missing, the cursor will be positioned\n                   on the last line.\n       +\/{pat}     For  the  first  file the cursor will be positioned in the\n                   line with the  first  occurrence  of  {pat}.   See  \":help\n                   search-pattern\" for the available search patterns.\n       +{command}\n       -c {command}\n                   {command}  will  be executed after the first file has been\n                   read.  {command} is interpreted as an Ex command.  If  the\n                   {command}  contains  spaces  it must be enclosed in double\n                   quotes (this depends on the shell that is used).  Example:\n                   Vim \"+set si\" main.c\n                   Note: You can use up to 10 \"+\" or \"-c\" commands.\n       -S {file}   {file} will be sourced after the first file has been read.\n                   This is equivalent to -c \"source {file}\".   {file}  cannot\n                   start  with  '-'.   If  {file} is omitted \"Session.vim\" is\n                   used (only works when -S is the last argument).\n       --cmd {command}\n                   Like using \"-c\", but the command is executed  just  before\n                   processing  any vimrc file.  You can use up to 10 of these\n                   commands, independently from \"-c\" commands.\n       -A          If Vim has been compiled with ARABIC support  for  editing\n                   right-to-left  oriented files and Arabic keyboard mapping,\n                   this option starts Vim in Arabic mode,  i.e.  'arabic'  is\n                   set.  Otherwise an error message is given and Vim aborts.\n       -b          Binary mode.  A few options will be set that makes it pos\u2010\n                   sible to edit a binary or executable file.\n       -C          Compatible.  Set the 'compatible' option.  This will  make\n                   Vim  behave  mostly like Vi, even though a .vimrc file ex\u2010\n                   ists.\n       -d          Start in diff mode.  There should be two,  three  or  four\n                   file name arguments.  Vim will open all the files and show\n                   differences between them.  Works like vimdiff(1).\n       -d {device} Open {device} for use as a terminal.  Only on  the  Amiga.\n                   Example: \"-d con:20\/30\/600\/150\".\n       -D          Debugging.   Go to debugging mode when executing the first\n                   command from a script.\n       -e          Start Vim in Ex mode, just like the executable was  called\n                   \"ex\".\n       -E          Start  Vim  in  improved Ex mode, just like the executable\n                   was called \"exim\".\n       -f          Foreground.  For the GUI version, Vim will  not  fork  and\n                   detach  from  the  shell it was started in.  On the Amiga,\n                   Vim is not restarted to open a new  window.   This  option\n                   should be used when Vim is executed by a program that will\n                   wait for the edit session to finish (e.g. mail).   On  the\n                   Amiga the \":sh\" and \":!\" commands will not work.\n       --nofork    Foreground.   For  the  GUI version, Vim will not fork and\n                   detach from the shell it was started in.\n       -F          If Vim has been compiled with FKMAP  support  for  editing\n                   right-to-left  oriented  files and Farsi keyboard mapping,\n                   this option starts Vim in Farsi  mode,  i.e.  'fkmap'  and\n                   'rightleft'  are set.  Otherwise an error message is given\n                   and Vim aborts.\n       -g          If Vim has been compiled with GUI support, this option en\u2010\n                   ables  the GUI.  If no GUI support was compiled in, an er\u2010\n                   ror message is given and Vim aborts.\n       -h          Give a bit of help about the command  line  arguments  and\n                   options.  After this Vim exits.\n       -H          If  Vim has been compiled with RIGHTLEFT support for edit\u2010\n                   ing right-to-left oriented files and Hebrew keyboard  map\u2010\n                   ping,  this option starts Vim in Hebrew mode, i.e. 'hkmap'\n                   and 'rightleft' are set.  Otherwise an  error  message  is\n                   given and Vim aborts.\n       -i {viminfo}\n                   Specifies  the filename to use when reading or writing the\n                   viminfo file, instead of the default  \"~\/.viminfo\".   This\n                   can  also be used to skip the use of the .viminfo file, by\n                   giving the name \"NONE\".\n       -L          Same as -r.\n       -l          Lisp mode.  Sets the 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options on.\n       -m          Modifying files is disabled.  Resets the  'write'  option.\n                   You can still modify the buffer, but writing a file is not\n                   possible.\n       -M          Modifications not allowed.  The 'modifiable'  and  'write'\n                   options will be unset, so that changes are not allowed and\n                   files can not be written.  Note that these options can  be\n                   set to enable making modifications.\n       -N          No-compatible mode.  Resets the 'compatible' option.  This\n                   will make Vim behave a bit better, but less Vi compatible,\n                   even though a .vimrc file does not exist.\n       -n          No swap file will be used.  Recovery after a crash will be\n                   impossible.  Handy if you want to edit a file  on  a  very\n                   slow  medium  (e.g.  floppy).  Can also be done with \":set\n                   uc=0\".  Can be undone with \":set uc=200\".\n       -nb         Become an editor server for NetBeans.  See  the  docs  for\n                   details.\n       -o[N]       Open  N windows stacked.  When N is omitted, open one win\u2010\n                   dow for each file.\n       -O[N]       Open N windows side by side.  When N is omitted, open  one\n                   window for each file.\n       -p[N]       Open  N  tab  pages.  When N is omitted, open one tab page\n                   for each file.\n       -R          Read-only mode.  The 'readonly' option will be  set.   You\n                   can  still edit the buffer, but will be prevented from ac\u2010\n                   cidentally overwriting a file.  If you do  want  to  over\u2010\n                   write  a  file, add an exclamation mark to the Ex command,\n                   as in \":w!\".  The -R option also  implies  the  -n  option\n                   (see  above).   The  'readonly'  option  can be reset with\n                   \":set noro\".  See \":help 'readonly'\".\n       -r          List swap files, with information about using them for re\u2010\n                   covery.\n       -r {file}   Recovery mode.  The swap file is used to recover a crashed\n                   editing session.  The swap file is a file  with  the  same\n                   filename  as  the  text  file  with  \".swp\" appended.  See\n                   \":help recovery\".\n       -s          Silent mode.  Only when started as \"Ex\" or when  the  \"-e\"\n                   option was given before the \"-s\" option.\n       -s {scriptin}\n                   The script file {scriptin} is read.  The characters in the\n                   file are interpreted as if you had typed them.   The  same\n                   can  be  done  with the command \":source! {scriptin}\".  If\n                   the end of the file is reached before  the  editor  exits,\n                   further characters are read from the keyboard.\n       -T {terminal}\n                   Tells  Vim  the  name of the terminal you are using.  Only\n                   required when the automatic way doesn't work.  Should be a\n                   terminal  known to Vim (builtin) or defined in the termcap\n                   or terminfo file.\n       -u {vimrc}  Use the commands in the file {vimrc} for  initializations.\n                   All  the  other  initializations are skipped.  Use this to\n                   edit a special kind of files.  It can also be used to skip\n                   all initializations by giving the name \"NONE\".  See \":help\n                   initialization\" within vim for more details.\n       -U {gvimrc} Use the commands in the file {gvimrc} for GUI  initializa\u2010\n                   tions.  All the other GUI initializations are skipped.  It\n                   can also be used to skip all GUI initializations by giving\n                   the name \"NONE\".  See \":help gui-init\" within vim for more\n                   details.\n       -V[N]       Verbose.  Give messages about which files are sourced  and\n                   for reading and writing a viminfo file.  The optional num\u2010\n                   ber N is the value for 'verbose'.  Default is 10.\n       -v          Start Vim in Vi mode, just like the executable was  called\n                   \"vi\".   This only has effect when the executable is called\n                   \"ex\".\n       -w {scriptout}\n                   All the characters that you type are recorded in the  file\n                   {scriptout},  until  you  exit Vim.  This is useful if you\n                   want to create a script file to be used with \"vim  -s\"  or\n                   \":source!\".   If  the  {scriptout} file exists, characters\n                   are appended.\n       -W {scriptout}\n                   Like -w, but an existing file is overwritten.\n       -x          Use encryption when writing  files.   Will  prompt  for  a\n                   crypt key.\n       -X          Don't connect to the X server.  Shortens startup time in a\n                   terminal, but the window title and clipboard will  not  be\n                   used.\n       -y          Start  Vim  in  easy  mode,  just  like the executable was\n                   called \"evim\" or \"eview\".  Makes Vim behave like a  click-\n                   and-type editor.\n       -Z          Restricted  mode.   Works  like the executable starts with\n                   \"r\".\n       --          Denotes the end of the options.  Arguments after this will\n                   be  handled  as  a  file name.  This can be used to edit a\n                   filename that starts with a '-'.\n       --echo-wid  GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout.\n       --help      Give a help message and exit, just like \"-h\".\n       --literal   Take file name arguments literally, do  not  expand  wild\u2010\n                   cards.  This has no effect on Unix where the shell expands\n                   wildcards.\n       --noplugin  Skip loading plugins.  Implied by -u NONE.\n       --remote    Connect to a Vim server and make it edit the  files  given\n                   in  the  rest  of  the arguments.  If no server is found a\n                   warning is given and the files are edited in  the  current\n                   Vim.\n       --remote-expr {expr}\n                   Connect  to  a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print\n                   the result on stdout.\n       --remote-send {keys}\n                   Connect to a Vim server and send {keys} to it.\n       --remote-silent\n                   As --remote, but without the warning  when  no  server  is\n                   found.\n       --remote-wait\n                   As  --remote,  but  Vim does not exit until the files have\n                   been edited.\n       --remote-wait-silent\n                   As --remote-wait, but without the warning when  no  server\n                   is found.\n       --serverlist\n                   List the names of all Vim servers that can be found.\n       --servername {name}\n                   Use  {name} as the server name.  Used for the current Vim,\n                   unless used with a --remote argument, then it's  the  name\n                   of the server to connect to.\n       --socketid {id}\n                   GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in an\u2010\n                   other window.\n       --version   Print version information and exit.\nON-LINE HELP\n       Type \":help\" in Vim to get started.  Type \":help subject\" to get  help\n       on  a  specific  subject.  For example: \":help ZZ\" to get help for the\n       \"ZZ\" command.  Use &lt;Tab&gt; and CTRL-D to complete subjects (\":help  cmd\u2010\n       line-completion\").  Tags are present to jump from one place to another\n       (sort of hypertext links, see \":help\").  All documentation  files  can\n       be viewed in this way, for example \":help syntax.txt\".\nFILES\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/doc\/*.txt\n                      The Vim documentation files.  Use \":help doc-file-list\"\n                      to get the complete list.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/doc\/tags\n                      The tags file used for finding information in the docu\u2010\n                      mentation files.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/syntax\/syntax.vim\n                      System wide syntax initializations.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/syntax\/*.vim\n                      Syntax files for various languages.\n       \/etc\/vimrc     System wide Vim initializations.\n       ~\/.vimrc       Your personal Vim initializations.\n       \/etc\/gvimrc    System wide gvim initializations.\n       ~\/.gvimrc      Your personal gvim initializations.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/optwin.vim\n                      Script  used  for the \":options\" command, a nice way to\n                      view and set options.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/menu.vim\n                      System wide menu initializations for gvim.\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/bugreport.vim\n                      Script to generate a bug report.  See \":help bugs\".\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/filetype.vim\n                      Script to detect the type of a file by its  name.   See\n                      \":help 'filetype'\".\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/scripts.vim\n                      Script  to  detect  the type of a file by its contents.\n                      See \":help 'filetype'\".\n       \/usr\/share\/vim\/vim81\/print\/*.ps\n                      Files used for PostScript printing.\n       For recent info read the VIM home page:\n       &lt;URL:http:\/\/www.vim.org\/&gt;\nSEE ALSO\n       vimtutor(1)\nAUTHOR\n       Most of Vim was made by Bram Moolenaar, with a lot of help  from  oth\u2010\n       ers.  See \":help credits\" in Vim.\n       Vim  is  based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and\n       G.R. (Fred) Walter.  Although hardly any of the original code remains.\nBUGS\n       Probably.  See \":help todo\" for a list of known problems.\n       Note that a number of things that may be regarded as bugs by some, are\n       in  fact caused by a too-faithful reproduction of Vi's behaviour.  And\n       if you think other things are bugs \"because Vi does  it  differently\",\n       you  should  take a closer look at the vi_diff.txt file (or type :help\n       vi_diff.txt when in Vim).  Also have a look at  the  'compatible'  and\n       'cpoptions' options.\n                                 2006 Apr 11                           VIM(1)<\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>echo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"null\">SYNOPSIS\n       echo [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...\n       echo LONG-OPTION\nDESCRIPTION\n       Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.\n       -n     do not output the trailing newline\n       -e     enable interpretation of backslash escapes\n       -E     disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)\n       --help display this help and exit\n       --version\n              output version information and exit\n       If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:\n       \\\\     backslash\n       \\a     alert (BEL)\n       \\b     backspace\n       \\c     produce no further output\n       \\e     escape\n       \\f     form feed\n       \\n     new line\n       \\r     carriage return\n       \\t     horizontal tab\n       \\v     vertical tab\n       \\0NNN  byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)\n       \\xHH   byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)\n       NOTE:  your  shell may have its own version of echo, which usually su\u2010\n       persedes the version described here.  Please  refer  to  your  shell's\n       documentation for details about the options it supports.\nAUTHOR\n       Written by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.\nREPORTING BUGS\n       GNU coreutils online help: &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/&gt;\n       Report any translation bugs to &lt;https:\/\/translationproject.org\/team\/&gt;\nCOPYRIGHT\n       Copyright  \u00a9  2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU\n       GPL version 3 or later &lt;https:\/\/gnu.org\/licenses\/gpl.html&gt;.\n       This is free software: you are free to  change  and  redistribute  it.\n       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\nSEE ALSO\n       Full documentation &lt;https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/coreutils\/echo&gt;\n       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) echo invocation'\nGNU coreutils 8.31                March 2019                          ECHO(1)<\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>sort \u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u884c\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5 SYNOPSIS sort [OPTION]&#8230; [FILE]&#8230; sort [OPTION]&#8230; &#8211;files0-from=F DESCRIPTION Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Ordering options: -b, &#8211;ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks -d, &#8211;dictionary-order &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bdobq3k1tczue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2321,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195\/revisions\/2321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eternalsphere.net\/echoes\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}